Addington, Larry H. The Blitzkrieg Era and the German General Staff, 1865-1941. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1971. CARL 355.00973 A224b.

This book focuses on General Franz Halder, the chief of the German General Staff in the early years of World War II. Addington claims blitzkrieg was believed to be the final evolutionary step in warfare, deriving from the old Prussian doctrine of Kesselschlacht (battle of encirclement and annihilation) modified to apply to new weapons. He looks in depth at German logistical shortcomings, especially among the nonmotorized elements, claiming the German Army was not prepared for either the Russian winter or the wetness, as shown by the large number of horses they still used. Considerable discussion of operations and decision making at the highest command levels is included.

Alferov, S., Col. "Wartime Operations: The 4th Guards Army in the Budapest Offensive." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1736 (17 January 1983):16-24. JPRS no. 82664. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "The Offensive of the 4th Guards Army in the Budapest Operation," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], September 1982:13-19.

This operation entails a combined arms army entering battle on the march, a river crossing, and a penetration and envelopment. Alferov details both the planning, forces, and weapons employed by the 4th Guards Army.

Alger, John I. The Quest for Victory: The History of the Principles of War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982. CARL 355.02 A395q.

Alger focuses on military thinkers and philosophers. He discusses the evolution of the principles of war from Sun Tzu to the present day, emphasizing the post-Napoleonic era.

Allan, Robert H., Maj. "The Field Army in Exploitation." Military Review 37 (February 1958):12-25.

Allan assumes what would now be termed a high-intensity conflict with a full exchange of nuclear weapons. He postulates that an exploitation and occupation of the enemy's territories will be necessary to ensure victory even after a complete strategic exchange. To accomplish this, he advocates field armies that can survive the initial exchange if given adequate warning. He anticipates that the main problems will be logistical, not operational, and sees solutions in sea and air power.

Ambrose, Stephen E. Supreme Commander: The War Years of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970. CARL 940.542 A4965.

This book views World War II from General Eisenhower's point of view. The account starts when Eisenhower is called to Washington, D.C., in December 1941 to work for General Marshall and closes with the victory in Europe. Ambrose analyzes Eisenhower's strategic and operational decisions as a theater commander (Mediterranean) and then as supreme commander of Allied forces in western Europe. Based on Eisenhower's point of view, this is a valuable, though somewhat one-sided, study.

Anan'ev, I., Col. "Tank Armies in Offensive Operations." Military Review 43 (February 1963):57-70. Translated and digested from Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], May 1962.

This article reviews Soviet tank army operations in World War II. Anan'ev focuses on exploitation and pursuit operations, with some discussion of other operations. He provides general examples. This is a broad, somewhat vague, overview.

Angsten, Joseph J., Maj. "Bypassed Enemy Forces and the Corps Attack." Military Review 60 (January 1980):69-74.

Angsten looks in some detail at the question of what to do with bypassed enemy forces as the corps conducts a deep attack. Looking from a corps commander's perspective, he addresses the question of task organizing divisions and the numerous problems involved in deep attack. He recommends that follow and support forces be eliminated and that brigade-size elements maintain contact with bypassed units while a "main objective force" goes for the deep objective.

Arnold, Joseph C. "Current Soviet Tactical Doctrine: A Reflection of the Past." Military Review 57 (July 1977):16-24.

Arnold reviews Operation Bagration, a Soviet attack in June and July 1944 that destroyed German Army Group Center, as an example of the way the Soviets intend to attack NATO. He compares the battle with current Soviet positioning, weapons, and tactics.

Atteridge, Andrew Hilliard. Marshal Ferdinand Foch: His Life and His Theory of Modern War. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1919. LC DC342.8 F6A7. West Point.

This work is both military history and an analysis of post-World War I military science. In that regard, some elements of the book are more important than others, especially in their relationship to a study of the operational art. Following a brief biography of Foch's career up until 1905, the French field marshal's prewar writings and his principles are reviewed in depth. Many of these precepts are timeless in their application. The spirit of the offense is also emphasized in an analysis of Foch's theories on the roles of advance and flank guard, the main battle, and the general organization of combat formations. Most of the book, however, discusses the battles and campaigns of the Franco-Prussian War and World War I. This battle analysis is accomplished largely at the operational level and is beneficial to the reader.

Balck, Wilhelm (William). Development of Tactics--World War. Translated by Harry Bell. Fort Leavenworth, KS: The General Service Schools Press, 1922. CARL 940.37243. The original work is listed in the German language section of this bibliography.

Balck devotes this volume to examining changes in the German art of war that were influenced by World War I. The work is of limited value.

___. Modern European Tactics. Vol 1. Infantry. Translated with numerous explanatory notes by Louis R. M. Maxwell. London: Sands and Co., 1899. CARL M404 J1 A.43. West Point U165 B189.

This is a turn-of-the-century work that defines strategy and tactics and then looks at the three current combat arms (Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery) and how they operate. The majority of this volume concerns the organization and tactical operation of infantry. This book is of interest historically but is of little current value.

Barclay, C. N., Brig. "Strategy and Tactics--Some Thoughts on the Change of Emphasis." Military Review 55 (May 1975):40-55.

Barclay argues that individual and small-unit tactical skill is as important as the ability to handle equipment. He feels that more time should be devoted to tactical training (as opposed to equipment training) because he feels tactics are more difficult to learn. Consequently, he advocates the use of long-service troops in any future European war to ensure the proper employment of tactics.

Barnett, Correlli. The Desert Generals. 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. CARL 940.5423 B261d.

This is an analysis of the impact of leaders and leadership in battle. The focus is on the British high command in North Africa in 1940-43 and the strategic and operational decisions made there. The second edition incorporates revelations made public since the release of Enigma information after the publication of Barnett's first edition in 1960. Barnett is especially critical of Montgomery, but he examines all the senior leaders in the course of his study and discusses the organization and training of both the British Army in general and the 8th Army.

___. The Swordbearers: Supreme Command in the First World War. York: William Morrow, 1964. CARL 940.414 B261s.

This volume contains four biographies of senior commanders in World War I. Barnett looks at Colonel General Helmuth von Moltke, Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, General Henri Philippe Pétain, and General Erich Ludendorff. He emphasizes the "decisive effect of individual human character on history." The focus is on the attempts of these commanders to adapt to the new conditions of war for which their prior education and training had not prepared them.

Baton, Robert A. "Security Considerations in the Defeat of the French Army of the Rhine (1870)." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, May 1982. DTIC ADB-067785L.

This is a study about the defeat in 1870 of the French Army of the Rhine, which was widely considered to be the best army in Europe. Baton feels it was defeated because it was consistently surprised. The lack of security was due to the bad organization and employment of French cavalry, weak command and control by senior leaders, and poor training prior to the war with Germany, principally in the colonial wars in Algeria.

Bayerlein, Fritz, Lt. Gen. "With the Panzers in Russia, 1941 & 43." Marine Corps Gazette 38 (December 1954):46-65.

Bayerlein's article presents a good general overview of the German invasion of Russia from 1941 through the end of the war on the Eastern Front in 1945. Baylerlein participated in most of these actions and focuses his narrative on the armored units, such as the 3d Panzer Division, which he commanded in 1943-44. Included in this article is considerable discussion of special problems, such as the cold, and the measures taken to overcome them. He also profiles the Russian soldier of that war.

Bellamy, Chris. "Antecedents of the Modern Soviet Operational Manoeuvre Group (OMG)." RUSI, Journal of the Royal United Services Institute for Defense Studies 129 September 1984 :50-58.

This short article looks at two Russian operations that were similar to those envisioned for current Soviet OMGs. One was against the Turks in 1877, the other against the Japanese in 1905. The analogy to an OMG is close, and the lessons are valuable. There is some discussion of the operational level of war.

Belloc, Hilaire. Tactics and Strategy of the Great Duke of Marlborough. Bristol, England: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1953. CARL 942.069 B446t.

Belloc discusses Marlborough's campaigns at Blenheim, the Lines of Brabant, Ramillies, Oudenaarde, and Malplaquet. The work is of some value as a discussion of Marlborough's strategic campaigns, which included maneuvers we would now define as operational.

Ben-Horin, Yoav, and Barry Posen. "Israel's Strategic Doctrine." Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, September 1981. DTIC ADA-115647.

This monograph looks at the strategic doctrine of Israel. The authors consider the "conditioning factors" that shape Israeli strategy and the "political and military elements" in the society and the army that influence doctrine and the "operational elements" of strategic doctrine. They find that the latter includes an emphasis on offensive operations involving preemption, speed, the indirect approach, exploitation of "macro-competence" by commanders, and combined arms operations.

Bennett, Ralph. Ultra in the West: The Normandy Campaign, 1944-45. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1979. CARL 940.5421 B472u.

Bennett examines the Allied invasion of Europe in 1944 and the subsequent campaign that lasted into early 1945. He focuses on the use of intelligence provided by Ultra to the commanders. Interesting from its point of view, this work includes actual examples of Ultra messages, with examples chosen to demonstrate how proper use of intelligence led to operational success and bad use to disaster.

Bernhardi, Friedrich Adam Julius von. Cavalry in Future Wars. London: John Murray, 1909. CARL M406 J1.43.

Published in 1906 and revised in 1909, this is a German cavalry commander's attempt to set doctrine. The work is translated and commented on by a British proponent of cavalry. In his work, Bernhardi emphasizes that cavalry must, as its first priority, defeat enemy cavalry by shock. Following that, other tasks, such as reconnaissance and feints, may be conducted. He gives options available to commanders in all types of operations. The concluding chapters concern organization and training. Bernhardi's work is historically important but of little practical use.

___. The War of the Future in the Light of the Lessons of the World War. 2d ed. Translated by F. A. Holt. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1920? CARL 355.02 B527w.

This volume was written by von Bernhardi immediately following World War I. He advocates offensive action conducted by professional leaders leading a totally mobilized nation. He predicts a rejuvenated Germany able to conduct such a war. He discusses all elements of modern war, from tactics and strategy to politics and economics, and closes by advocating secret preparation for war as necessary and justified.

Bidwell, Shelford, and Dominick Graham. Fire-Power: British Army Weapons and Theories of War, 1904-1945. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982. CARL 355.420941 B585f.

This book is a highly acclaimed scholarly work that traces the changes in British military thought from 1904 to 1945. Although the book does not directly address the operational level of war, it has much to say regarding the subject, particularly in terms of combined arms integration, blitzkrieg, and the place of artillery on the battlefield. It should be noted, however, that the book is primarily concerned with the application of firepower, not maneuver.

Bitner, Teddy D. "Kesselring: An Analysis of the German Commander at Anzio." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, June 1983. DTIC and CARL ADA-131237.

Bitner studies Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, a German theater commander and the only long-term Luftwaffe commander of German army units. He focuses on Kesselring's decisions prior to and early in the Anzio campaign in February 1944. Specifically, Bitner looks at the German decision to commit the army group reserve and Kesselring's involvement in the counterattack on 16 February. Answers resolved in Bitner's thesis include how Kesselring affected operations and how he dealt with his seniors in Germany. This is a valuable operational work with lessons applicable to current U.S. Army operations.

Bjork, D. L., Lt. Col. "Waterborne Envelopments." Military Review 30 (March 1951):49-62.

In some instances, the operational art is best personified by the amphibious-waterborne envelopment. This article covers the 77th Infantry Division operation at Ormoc, where the purpose was to gain control of the Luzon-Formosa-China coast triangle in preparation for the blockade, aerial softening, and eventual invasion of the Japanese homeland. Conducted in late 1944 as operations in the Philippines intensified, this operation was part of a larger operation. The maps are detailed and the battle action carefully explained. This is a good historical example demonstrating maneuver warfare in the Pacific.

Blumenson, Martin. "The Forgotten Corps Commanders." [Three U.S. officers in combat during World War II]. Army 13 (July 1963):40-45.

Blumenson considers corps commanders to be tacticians concerned with finding the best means to attain objectives. He looks at three commanders and analyzes their campaigns and leadership styles. Not much information is presented on the operational art, but this article is a good introduction to the multitudinous roles of corps commanders in a major war.

___, ed. The Patton Papers. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972-74. CARL 923.573 P332b.

This is a large study that focuses exclusively on General George S. Patton, Jr. By publishing many of Patton's letters and writings, Blumenson attempts to find the man behind the myth. Blumenson's perceptive narrative ties the papers together to the times and circumstances. The higher operational commander would derive considerable value from these papers written by a master of the art.

Bortz, Abe. "First Army Jumps the Rhine." Military Engineer 54 (September-October 1962):342-47.

This is an engineer-oriented discussion of the seizure of the Remagen Bridge in March 1945. The capture, German efforts at destruction, and subsequent bridging operations in the let U.S. Army area are described.

Bounds, Gary L., et al. Larger Units: Theater Army--Army Group--Field Army. CSI Report no. 6. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, U. S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1984.

This report describes the evolution and reorganization of American and Allied larger units in five different theaters from World War II to Vietnam. Although operations are not discussed in any detail, the study analyzes the functions and missions of larger units and provides some illuminating conclusions regarding how these units have been organized and employed.

Bradley, Omar Nelson. A Soldier's Story. New York: Holt, 1951. CARL 940.542 B811s.

Written in 1951, this is a valuable narrative by General Bradley concerneg "how war is waged on the field from the field command post." Bradley looks at World War II from his perspective and discusses in considerable detail the decisions made, the personalities involved, and the operations conducted. Though limited by the fact that it was never updated after the declassification of Ultra, this work is of value regarding operations by larger units.

Breault, Gordon K., and Stewart E. Cranston. "Foundations of Modern Strategic Thought." Research study, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, AL, May 1979. DTIC ADB-039206L.

This study looks at the theories of Clausewitz, Jomini, Mahan, Mitchell, Douhet, and Liddell Hart for common threads. It summarizes and analyzes the basic theories of each. In brief, all of these men believed in offensive action; all believed in mass; and all believed these forces must be applied in attacking the enemy's ability and will to wage war in order to win. These men valued maneuver and surprise, saw lines of communication as important, and realized the value of psychological factors.

Brink, Francis Gerard. Corps and Army Operations: Basic Principles Staff Functioning; with CPX Checklists. Washington, DC: P. S. Bond Publishing Co., 1938. MHI U165 B751 1938. West Point F U165 B771c.

This is a brief primer on large unit operations. It consists of a full-page color schematic or map accompanied by a brief discussion of a type of operation. The tactics are of World War I vintage. This is of little current use.

Brown, Dallas C. "Conventional Warfare in Europe--The Soviet View. Newport, RI: U.S. Naval War College, May 1974. DTIC ABD-000834.

Brown looks at Soviet views concerning the question of using nuclear weapons in Europe. He demonstrates that the Soviets have always preferred conventional war but assumed the United States would use nuclear weapons in any conflict. Since they acquired deterrent weapons in the mid-1960x, they have increased their emphasis on conventional weapons. Given a choice, Brown feels the Soviets will fight with "conventional means alone as long as the survival of the Soviet state is not threatened." He feels that the Soviets do not view a final, cataclysmic war as inevitable, but rather as too risky.

Burne, Alfred Higgins. The Art of War on Land, Illustrated by Campaigns and Battles of All Ages. Harrisburg, PA: Military Service Publishing Co., 1947. CARL 355.48 B963a.

Burne attempts to answer the question "What wins battles?" He summarizes his answer in terms of four "Strands of War": the "quality and capability of the commander; the quality and capability of the troops," and "Morale" and "Resources." He studies these strands using eight principles of war that are similar to our own. Burne examines strategic principles and attempts to show that the use of interior lines is no guarantee of success. The remainder of the book consists of thirteen examples from Kadesh in 1288 B.C. to Tunisia in 1943 that illustrate his points.

Cadell, J. P., Maj. "Some Lessons from the Russo-Japanese War." United Service Magazine 30 (October 1904-March 1905):112+.

Caemmerer, Rudolf von. The Development of Strategical Science During the 19th Century. Translated by Karl von Donat. London: Hugh Rees, 1905.CARL 355.43 C127d.

This turn-of-the-century work by a German lieutenant general attempts to summarize the developments in strategic (including operational) thought during the nineteenth century. Caemmerer examines war as it changed under the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleon, then focuses on the works of Jomini, Clausewitz, Willensen, and less well known military pundits to analyze their contributions to the art of war. He finishes by discussing the impact of new technology (railroads, breech-loading weapons), contrasting von Moltke's campaigns with Napoleon's and describing the latest writings on his subject prior to publication.

Callahan, Raymond. Burma, 1942-1945. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1978. CARL 940.5425 C156b.

Callahan's brief book analyzes the struggle between the Japanese and British Armies for Burma in the 1940s and also the contentions between the chief generals and politicians on the Allied side. This is an excellent study on how strategy is shaped by politics and is also a tribute to the old Indian Army. Operational lessons are here but are not the principal focus of the book.

Cameron, R. C., Lt. Col. "The Lost Corps." Military Review 33 (May 1953):9-18.

Cameron examines the destruction of the Republic of Korea's II Corps in November 1950. He finds that the success of the Chinese Communists was due to their ability to concentrate forces while their enemy was overextended and hampered by guerrilla forces on their lines of communication. Other key elements fostering Chinese success were good reconnaissance, night attacks, and the trapping of Koreans behind their own defensive lines. This is a valuable work.

Carver, Michael, ed. The War Lords: Military Commanders of the Twentieth Century. Boston: Little, Brown, 1976. CARL 355.3310922 W252.

This book contains short but authoritative biographies of forty-three of the dominant military commanders of the twentieth century. The value of this book for the student of the operational level of war is that it provides analyses of the command styles, ideas, and techniques of many of the wartime commanders who proved to be experts in operational art. Among the more noteworthy entries are those on von Rundstedt, von Manstein, Wavell, Zhukov, Rommel, Guderian, Slim, MacArthur, and Patton.

Cate, Paul E. "Large-Unit Operational Doctrine." Military Review 58 (December 1978):40-47.

Writing in 1978, Major Cate called for the U.S. Army to develop operational doctrine for echelons above division. In this article, he stresses that such doctrine must incorporate three main principles--preconceived maneuver, the indirect approach, and concentration of decisive forces in time and space. Many of the field manuals published in the 1980s have directly addressed the author's concerns.

Chandler, David G. The Art of Warfare on Land. New York: Hamlyn, 1974. CARL 355.0209 C45 a.

This is a somewhat confused and general view of the evolution of land warfare from the Sumerians in 3000 B.C. to the Vietnam War. It includes numerous excellent photographs and diagrams to illustrate the points Chandler is trying to make, though the organization of the book is somewhat less successful. The work is an interesting introduction to its subject but is of little practical value to the study of the operational level of war.

___. Marlborough as Military Commander. London: Batsford, 1973. CARL 923.542 M347ch.

A distinguished military historian, David G. Chandler presents in this work one of the most acclaimed biographies of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, as a military leader. All of Marlborough's battles, campaigns, and sieges are described. Although methods of warfare have radically changed, many of the methods employed by Marlborough and described in this book are valid to operational art today, such as seizing the initiative, seeking offensive action, deception, cooperation between arms, management of time and space, and immediate pursuit. Deriving these lessons from Chandler's operational histories, however, requires hard study.

___. "Napoleon's Art of War." In The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan, 1966. CARL 940.27 C455c.

This section of Chandler's classic and highly readable The Campaigns of Napoleon evaluates Napoleon's philosophy of war, his strategic and battle methods, and the sources of his ideas. While Napoleon was not an original military thinker, he refined the ideas of others to develop sophisticated combined arms attacks against enemy armies. Chandler assesses Napoleon as a strategist and master of the operational art. Grand Tactics in the Napoleonic era comprised the science and art of handling men, horses, and guns during the crucial moves when close contact had been established with the enemy. Using numerous diagrams and illustrations, Chandler clearly and vividly explains how Napoleon used Grand Tactics to achieve victory.

___. Waterloo: the Hundred Days. New York: Macmillan, 1980. CARL 940.27 C455w.

Chandler provides a good, general description of the famous battle, the events leading up to it, and its consequences. With excellent maps and an expert knowledge of the battleground, he analyzes the campaign and the battle at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels.

Chaney, Otto P. Zhukov. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971. CARL 923.547 Z63c.

In addition to being the best English-language biography of Zhukov, Chaney's work also presents excellent accounts and maps of the major operations in which Zhukov was involved.

Chernykh, G., Col. "Wartime Operations: Employment of Tank Armies." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1636 (30 November 1981):61-66. JPRS no. 79545. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "On the Employment of the 6th Guards Tank Army in the First Echelon of a Front," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], March 1981:66-69.

Chernykh examines the record of the 6th Guards Tank Army from 1943 to 1945. He emphasizes that the standard use of a tank army as a second echelon during offensive operations was modified when necessary. Thus, the 6th Guards Tank Army was often used in the first echelon to overcome enemy defenses more quickly and to increase the depth of breakthroughs. Chernykh encourages further study of this unit by modern commanders.

Chervonobab, V. P., et al. Army Operations. Moscow: Ministry of Defense, 1977. DTIC ADB-070776L.

This Soviet study contains case studies of actual Soviet Army operations in World War II in each of over forty different types of operations, e.g., defense in the mountains, river crossings, and repelling counteroffensives.

Chuikov, V. I. The Battle for Stalingrad. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964. CARL 940.5421 C559b.

In The Battle for Stalingrad, Marshal Chuikov provides a unique viewpoint on the battle that many historians regard as the turning point in World War II. Chuikov's role in the defense of Stalingrad was paramount. Commanding the 62d Army, he withstood the fierce attacks of the German Sixth Army and Fourth Panzer Army for several months during the fall of 1942 and participated in the ultimate destruction of these German forces in January 1943.

___. The Fall of Berlin. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968. CARL 940.5421 C559f.

As Commander of the 62d, 64th, and 8th Guards Armies, Marshal Chuikov compiled one of the most illustrious records of Soviet commanders in World War II. This book, the second volume in Chuikov's memoirs, describes several of the most important battles on the Eastern Front, including the Belorussian, Vistula-Oder, and Berlin campaigns. Chuikov's analyses of these huge operations, though biased, are invaluable for the student of operational art as practiced by the Soviet armed forces.

Clausewitz, Carl von. On War. Edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976. CARL 355 C616vEh.

Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) is generally viewed as the greatest writer on the art of war. His masterpiece, On War, although unfinished at the time of his death, is a systematic study of war. The nuclear strategist Bernard Brodie said of Clausewitz' study, "His is not simply the greatest, but the only great book about war." Reading On War requires patience and intellectual effort, but this effort will be rewarded by a better understanding of war and its relationship to society. Clausewitz' analysis of friction in war is essential for understanding military operations. The Howard-Paret translation is the edition for modern officers to read.

Colby, Elbridge. Masters of Mobile Warfare. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1943. CARL M501 A.

Colby examines the campaigns of Marlborough, Frederick the Great, and Napoleon and derives lessons for modern soldiers in the use of maneuver and mobility. His work is of limited value today.

Crittenberger, W. D., Lt. Gen., et al."Mobility in the Field Army." Armor 60 (September-October 1951):18-25.

In this article, five army commanders--Lieutenant Generals W. D. Crittenberger, John R. Hodge, Leroy Lutes, Stephen J. Chamberlin, And Joseph M. Suring--offer their views, in brief comments, on the necessity and uses of mobility at all three levels of war. Foot, wheeled, track, and air mobility are all considered.

Daille, M. The Battle of Montdidier. Paris: Berger-Levraut, 1922. Mimeographed translation from the French by Major Walter R. Wheeler. CARL 940.41514. The original work is listed in the French language section of this bibliography.

This carbon copy is a translation of a book written by an instructor at the French Ecole Sup6rieure de Guerre shortly after World War I. Major Daille's focus is on the French First Army, commanded by General Debeney. The author's emphasis is on the problems of command concerned with the Battle of Chateau-Thierry in July and August 1918. His secondary emphasis is on the use of maneuver and reserves.

Davidson, John Humphrey, Sir. Haig, Master of the Field. London: P. Nevill, 1953. CARL 940.4144 D252h.

This book is devoted to discussions of Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig's role and actions as one of the leading British commanders in World War I. Its focus is on the strategic and operational levels of war. Unfortunately, it contains only three maps and the descriptions of military operations are not as lucid as one would like.

Dayan, Moshe. Diary of the Sinai Campaign. New York: Schocken Books, 1967. CARL 956.9404 D275d.

Dayan's involvement in the 1956 Arab-Israeli War is described in this noted work. The book is also necessary background for understanding developments leading to the 6-Day War in 1967.

Decker, Edward T., 2d Lt. "Retreat and Counterstroke." Armor 72 (January-February 1963):8-12.

This article briefly describes Field Marshal von Manstein's brilliant handling of the Soviet winter counteroffensive in January-February 1943. Fighting superior Soviet forces from several directions, the Germans fought over a huge area and assumed both an offensive and defensive character. The campaign is an excellent example of the practice of the operational art. It is particularly valuable regarding its insights on risk taking, wide maneuver, use of mobile reserves, synchronization of widely separated operations, and the forecasting of results of operations over time.

Derrecagaix, Victor B. Modern War. Vol. 1. Strategy. Vol. 2. Grand Tactics. Translated by C. W. Foster. Washington, DC: James J. Chapman, 1888-90. CARL 355.4 D438m. The original work is listed in the French language section of this bibliography.

These volumes contain analyses concerning the French defeat in 1870, with proposals for a change toward the German military system. Colonel Derrecagaix uses many pre-World War I German operational concepts and terms.

"Development of Soviet Military Art in Belorussian Operation Traced." USSR Report: Military Affairs (June 1984):9-18. JPRS no. UMA-84-069. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], June 1984:10-18.

The author's purpose is to demonstrate advances in Soviet military art as manifested during the Belorussian operation. Front- and army-level operations were conducted both simultaneously and successively. Careful and creative preparations are hailed as keys to success.

DeVrie , Paul T., Lt. Col. "Maneuver and the Operational Level of War." Military Review 63 (February 1983):12-24.

DeVries' article addresses the dialogue in the early 1980s on maneuver warfare and reviews the military reform criticism of the 1976 version of FM 100-5, Operations. The author prescribes steps that the U.S. Army must take to ensure general understanding of how maneuver and the operational art are linked. Nine operational examples are cited.

Dick, Charles J. "Soviet Operational Concepts." 2 pts. Military Review 65 (September 1985):29-45 and (October 1985):4-19.

This two-part article summarizes Soviet doctrine from an operational viewpoint. The keys to Soviet success in a confrontation with NATO are surprise, speed, and forcing NATO forces off balance so that they are forced to react to Soviet initiatives. Strategy dictates overall direction, while tactics are kept simple and predictable. While this implies little room for initiative at the small-unit level and may create massive casualties in some units, the Soviets believe long-term casualties will be lower and success quicker if they can implement their operational concepts.

___. "Soviet Operational Manoeuvre Group: A Closer Look." International Defense Review 16 (No. 6 - 1983):769-76.

This excellent article describes how an Operational Maneuver Group (OMG) may be used by the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany in a European war. Dick points out that the OMG is well suited to achieve the Soviet objectives of surprise and high-speed advance that would lead to a quick win in Europe. He believes that the OMG is intended to crumble NATO's defenses from within, causing a political collapse. The article also addresses the weapon systems and force structures likely to be found in an OMG.

Dodge, Theodore Ayrault. Alexander: A History of the Origin and Growth of the Art of War from Earliest Times to the Battle of Ipsus, B.C. 301. Great Captains. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1890. CARL 923.138 A374d2.

___. Caesar: A History of the Art of War Among the Romans Down to the End of the Roman Empire, with a Detailed Account of the Campaigns of Gaius Julius Caesar. Great Captains. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1892. CARL 923.137 C128d.

___. Gustavus Adolphus: A History of the Art of War from Its Revival After the Middle Ages to the End of the Spanish Succession War, . . . Great Captains. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 189 . CARL 923.1485 G982d.

___. Hannibal: A History of the Art of War Among the Carthaginians and Romans Down to the Battle of Pydna, 168 B.C., with a Detailed Account of the Second Punic War. Great Captains. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Co., 1891. CARL 937.04 D645h.

___. Napoleon: A History of the Art of War . . . Great Captains. 4 vols. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1904-07. CARL 923.144 N216d6.

These five biographies and campaign histories of famous military commanders comprise the Great Captains series produced in the 18908 by Lieutenant Colonel Dodge. Each of them follows a similar pattern in terms of length and style. Besides providing a campaign history, each book also functions as a treatise on the art of war as practiced in the respective time period. Useful for the investigation of how operational art and strategy were practiced by the masters, the books contain numerous maps, charts, and drawings.

Doerfel, John S., Lt. Col. "The Operational Art of the Airland Battle." Military Review 62 (May 1982):3-10.

The central theme of this article is that understanding and practicing the operational art is essential to Airland Battle doctrine. The author addresses the questions of offensive maneuver, intelligence, depth, interdiction, and risk. He insists that NATO forces must seek to disrupt the Soviet commander's operational plan and deny him his operational goals.

Donnelly, C. N. "Operations in the Enemy Rear--Soviet Doctrine and Tactics." International Defense Review 13 (No. 1 - 1980):35-41.

C. N. Donnelly is a prominent British expert on the Soviet Army. In this article, he discusses the intents, purposes, capabilities, targets, and methods of Soviet formations that can be expected to operate in NATO's rear during wartime. He discusses airborne and heliborne assault/air-land forces, naval infantry, long-range reconnaissance units, and raiding units of combined arms armies. He concludes that the USSR has the capability to damage the NATO rear severely and will do so in coordination with conventional operations in a quick-war strategy.

___. "The Soviet Operational Maneuver Group: A New Challenge to NATO." Military Review 63 (March 1983):43-60.

The Soviet Operational Maneuver Group (OMG) is a much discussed and disputed organization that is intended, the author maintains, to play a decisive role in the achievement of Soviet operational and strategic goals. Donnelly discusses the context in which the OMG will be employed, describes its link to World War II mobile units, and demonstrates that the use of the OMG represents a significant change in Soviet operational strategy.

Dubik, James M., Maj. "FM 100-5: Comparing the Operational Concept and the Defense." Military Review 62 (December 1982):13-19.

This article was published shortly after the 1982 edition of FM 100-5, Operations, was fielded. The author discusses the four basic tenets of AirLand Battle--agility, initiative, synchronization, and depth--and cites what he considers to be inconsistencies in the doctrine. His most severe criticism is that the U.S. Army's operational concept is not completely followed in the two chapters of FM 100-5 dealing with defense.

Dufour, Guillaume Henri. Strategy and Tactics. Translated from the latest French edition by William P. Craighill. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1864. CARL M501 A.44.

Dufour's text on the art of war was translated at the U.S. Military Academy and used there in instruction on military art in the nineteenth century. The book covers nearly every aspect of warfare common to that time period and includes frequent sketches, diagrams, and historical examples to complement the text. It shows a strong Napoleonic influence and does not reflect the operations of the American Civil War.

Dyke, H. H., Maj. "The Armored Corps and Armored Army." Armor 62 (September-October 1953):34-35.

Eisenhower, Dwight David. Crusade in Europe. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1948. CARL 940.542 E36c.

General Eisenhower's unique perspective gives the reader great discernment into the strategy and operations in the western theater during World War II. His work addresses political, diplomatic, and military concerns and gives many of his personal and professional insights into operational planning and execution. Operations Torch, Husky, Overlord, Anvil-Dragoon, Avalanche, and many others are discussed.

Elliott-Bateman, Michael. Defeat in the East: The Mark of Mao Tse-tung on War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967. CARL 355.425 E46d.

Elliot-Bateman argues that a failure to understand the military philosophy of Mao was at the root of the French defeat in Indochina and also for what he describes as "the American failure in South Vietnam." He quotes extensively from the writings of Mao and General Vo Nguyen Giap and examines how their theories have fared in practice in China, Malaya, and Vietnam. His objective is to reveal their "secrets of war," thus precluding a military defeat of free world forces in the Far East.

Elze, Walter. The German Army of 1914: Its Main Features and Their Effect in the Resulting Victory on the Eastern Front. Translated by Jon H. Knuebel by agreement with the Reichs Archive. 2 vols. Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1932. Typescript. CARL 940.422 E52tEu.

This is an excellent translation of Elze's classic study of the Battle of Tannenberg. This translation relies primarily on original documents of the Great General Staff, battle reports, and war diaries. It shows how the battle situation changed on a daily, almost hourly, basis--events evolving, rather than following a preconceived plan. Volume two contains many of the original documents upon which the narrative is based, including von Prittwitz' orders, reports on telephone conversations with Eighth Army headquarters, extracts from war diaries of XX Corps, von Hindenburg's order intercepting Russian radio messages, and aviation reports. These are referred to throughout the narrative by document numbers. The only thing absent from the original study are the maps, which may be found, however, in the original German version, also available at CARL.

Erickson, John. The Road to Berlin. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983. CARL 940.5421 E68ro.

This superbly researched work recounts the history of World War II Eastern Front operations from Stalingrad to Berlin. Erickson, who is considered one of the foremost scholars on Soviet military history, has used German, Soviet, and east European sources to present one of the most detailed accounts of the war yet written by a Western scholar. Although it has a limited number of maps, this book and Erickson's previous volume, The Road to Stalingrad . . ., are classics in the field.

___. The Road to Stalingrad: Stalin's War with Germany. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. CARL 940.5421 E68r.

Professor Erickson's work provides one of the most comprehensive treatments of Eastern Front operations in World War II. This volume discusses the prewar maneuvering on both sides, the German encirclement battles of 1941, and the Soviet counterstrokes at the great battles of Moscow and Stalingrad. His ninety-six-page (primary source) annotated bibliography attests to his thoroughness. His object is to reveal the nature of the Soviet system at war and cut through the "persistent mythology" that still clouds the history of the Great Patriotic War.

___. Soviet Combined Arms: Theory and Practice. College Station Paper no. l. College Station, TX: Center for Strategic Technology, Texas A & M University, 1981.

An excellent analysis of Soviet combined arms operations at the tactical and operational levels of war. Erickson's manuscript synthesizes Soviet historical practice with current developments in doctrine and force structure. He describes clearly the evolution of combined arms formations in the Soviet armed forces and evaluates their employment on the Eastern Front.

___. "Soviet Ground Forces and the Conventional Mode of Operations." Journal of the Royal United Service Institution 121 (June 1976):45-49.

This article addresses the renewed Soviet emphasis in recent years on the study of "relatively prolonged conventional operations." Erickson suggests that the Soviet modernization and expansion program has gone a long way in correcting their historically traditional "tactical and operational weaknesses." A Soviet shift toward increasing tactical flexibility is also briefly discussed. However, the article's main focus is on the Soviet's concentration on the conventional breakthrough--on their unrelenting neutralization and annihilation of the force being pursued. Implementations in organizational structure, weapons systems, and logistics are also reviewed, as are the more persistent shortcomings within the Soviet operational art that continue to exist despite their numerous operational and material improvements.

Evans, Geoffrey. Slim as Military Commander. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, 1979. CARL 923.542 S633e.

This study delves into the much-admired character and leadership skills of General Joseph W. Slim. It concentrates on the Burma campaign from the retreat of the Burma corps to India in 1942 to their successful return following the defeat of the Japanese India offensive at Imphal and Kohima. The brilliant advance of the Fourteenth Army to the Irawaddy and ultimately to Rangoon in 1944-45 is analyzed in a well-written account that includes twenty-one maps and forty-eight illustrations.

Falls, Cyril Bentham. Armageddon: 1918. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1964. CARL 940.438 F196a.

Cyril Falls is one of the most respected and prolific military historians of this century. In this book, he examines the final Palestinian-Syrian campaign of World War I and, in particular, the "brilliant cavalry operations" of General Allenby's army in the Megiddo or "Armageddon" campaign of 1918. Falls sets the wartime stage, elaborates on the shock action, surprise, determination, and boldness evident in the campaign of September and October 1918, and then discusses the lessons learned. The operations of Lawrence of Arabia, Marshal von Falkenhayn, Kress von Kressenstein, and Jemal Pasha are all discussed in the process.

___. Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1917. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. 3 vols. in 4 and atlas. London: Macmillan, 1940-48. CARL 940.431 F196m.

This work, compiled by Cyril Falls and others, was directed by the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence and represents Britain's official History of the Great War for the year 1917. It presents the British operations of 1917 in great detail against the broader context of operations on the Western Front. Thus, General Allenby's offensive at Arras is shown to comprise five battles occurring in a period of just over three weeks. These are discussed at length in eleven of the book's twenty-two chapters. The appendices, consisting of fifty-two original documents and twenty-three maps, are contained in separate bound volumes. An additional twelve maps of a larger size are contained in a separate case.

___. Military Operations, Macedonia. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. 2 vols. and atlas. London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1933-35. CARL 940.34956 F196M.

This multivolume work is a part of the British official History of the Great War. It records the history of British military operations in Macedonia. Unlike a similar study of the Palestine campaign, Falls makes a conscious effort to place the military history in its political context. This is necessary since this was a joint theater of operations with British, French, Serbian, Italian, Russian, and Greek troops all serving together under French leadership. Since the British were not at the forefront in the final victorious offensive over Bulgaria, it might be assumed that the main effort was only sketched out. To the contrary, however, Falls has provided considerable detail on all major operations, even when Anglo-Greek forces played a subsidiary role. Each volume contains maps and original documents, and there is also a bound volume of fifteen maps and a separate map case for larger maps.

___. The Nature of Modern Warfare. 2d ed. London: Metheun & Co., 1941. West Point U19 F197.

This volume, a collection of four lectures on modern war, was presented at Cambridge in the early years of World War II. Cyril Falls' brief work directly addresses several key aspects of the operational art in the context of modern total war. After a discussion of the doctrine of total war in which the classic concepts of Clausewitz and other famous military theorists are analyzed, Falls examines the operational theories and practices employed in modern blitzkrieg warfare. The importance of initiative and the offensive spirit are stressed. Falls highlights these two concepts as the best means of turning a mechanized attack. The passive defense, as a modern theory and in its application, is rejected by Falls as being seldom, if ever, effective. The work closes with notes on mountain fighting (from both a tactical and an operational perspective) and on the subject of strategy (which equates to our current definition of operations).

___. Ordeal by Battle. New York: Oxford University Press, 1943. West Point U102 F197.

This short book is an attempt by Falls to examine modern war and the way war has evolved to its 1943 condition. He dissects war by looking at the principles and elements common to war and analyzes how policy is set. He then goes into more detail in chapters on strategy (what would now be called the operational level), tactics, war at sea and in the air, and national leadership.

Farago, Ladislas. Patton: Ordeal and Triumph. New York: Ivan Obolensky, 1964. CARL 923.573 P322f.

Based on twelve years of research, including personal collaboration with Joseph D. Rosvich, Patton's enlisted "confidential secretary," and many interviews with Patton's German adversaries in World War II, this work has been termed a "monumental, definitive biography" of General George S. Patton, Jr. Although the maps are limited and there are no footnotes, the narrative is extremely well written and gives a vivid picture of Patton's operational techniques and personality.

Feuquieres, Antoine de Pas, Marquis de. Memoirs Historical and Military: Containing a Distinct View of All the Considerable States of Europe, with an Accurate Account of the Wars in Which They Have Been Engaged, from the Year 1672, to the Year 1710 . . . 2 vols. Trans a from e French with preliminary remarks and a military dictionary. West Point Military Library. Reprint. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968. Translation of Memoires sur la guerre. COLO entry 2323.

Fitzgerald, Charles G., Lt. Col. "Operation Bagration." Military Review 44 (May 1964):59-72.

Lieutenant Colonel Fitzgerald's article is an in-depth analysis of Soviet planning to destroy the German's Army Group Center in Belorussia in June 1944. He presents the operational concepts considered by the Stavka (Soviet command), the timetable, the coordination made with partisan forces, and the nature of the German defenses. Then he describes the magnitude of the secretive Soviet troop and logistical buildup and the superior force relationships achieved by the Soviets using typically detailed tables designating, among other things, the width of the front penetration zones, the units involved, and the designated mobile groups used in exploitation. He does not analyze the results, but rather the process, by which the Soviets successfully planned their great victory in Belorussia.

Foch, Ferdinand. Precepts and Judgments. With a sketch of the military career of Marshal Foch by Maj. A. Grasset. Translated by Hilaire Belloc. New York: Holt, 1920; London: Chapman and Hall, 1919. West Point U102 F681 pref.

This book contains a sketch of the military career of Marshal Ferdinand Foch. More important for a study of the operational art is the description of his tactical and operational precepts, which are presented in a condensed form. Although somewhat brief and general, this work contains an excellent overview of early operational theory and judgments on the application of fundamental concepts in European wars during Foch's era. Despite its datedness, historical lessons can be learned from this work. It provides an excellent foundation for the further reading of more detailed and lengthy volumes written on the art of war by the World War I French field marshal.

___. The Principles of War. Translated by J. de Morinni. New York: H. K. Fly, 1918. West Point U102 F681 PriE. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1970. CARL 355.43 F652p 1970.

Foch uses historical examples and considerable depth to discuss some principles of war. His discussion of security is valuable to the reader interested in the maneuver of larger units. There is considerable discussion on the effect of morale and will. The work is of limited value.

Fontenot, Gregory, Maj. "The Promise of Cobra: The Reality of Manchuria." Military Review 65 (September 1985):54-62.

Fontenot uses the "imperatives" of combat as defined in FM 100-5 (1982) --agility, initiative, depth, and synchronization--to analyze Soviet and U.S. operations in World War II. He analyzes the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in 1945 and the United States Army breakout from Normandy (Operation Cobra) in 1944 to find similarities and differences in doctrine and its application in the field. He finds an operational-level void in U.S. operations that led to the failure to close the Falaise gap. U.S. generals had not thought through the series of battles (the operational level) and were forced to improvise once tactical success was achieved. This operational immaturity on the U.S. Army's part must be redressed if success in any future European war is to be gained.

France. Ministère de la Guerre. Instruction on the Offensive Action of Large Units in Battle. France: Headquarters, A.E.F., January 1918. Translation from the French. CARL M9403 H6 C44 C9 G.

Franz, Wallace P. "Grand Tactics." Military Review 61 (December 1981): 32-39.

This is a ground-breaking article defining Grand Tactics (the operational level of war) and calling for the U.S. Army to develop a doctrine for it. This has, of course, already been done, but Colonel Franz' article is still valuable in bringing definition to the operational level of war by citing Soviet, German, and Israeli concepts and employing historical examples to make his point. He is a leader in this realm.

___. "Maneuver: The Dynamic Element of Combat." Military Review 63 (May 1983):2-12.

Since comprehending maneuver is an integral part in understanding the operational level of war, Colonel Franz discusses its definition and defines the art creatively, using figures to explain concepts. He also uses historical examples, in particular the advance of the XV Corps (U.S.) following the Saint Lo" breakout on the Normandy front in World War II, to show the dynamics of maneuver as it relates to freedom of action and initiative at the operational level.

___. "Operational Concepts." Military Review 64 (July 1984):2-15.

In this insightful presentation, World War II German operational doctrine becomes the vehicle for demonstrating some of the key concepts of AirLand Battle doctrine. Rommel's Gazala center-offensive (May-June 1942) and von Manstein's Kerch counteroffensive (May 1942) are the historical examples used to illustrate how commanders with inferior forces were able to seize the initiative after halting their enemy's offensive. In both cases, a deep attack threatening lines of communication is launched on the enemy flank and rear, while holding attacks and feints occupy enemy attention to their front.

Fuller, John Frederick Charles. Generalship, Its Diseases and Their Cure: A Study of the Personal Factor in Command. London: Faber and Faber, 1933; Harrisburg, PA: Military Service Publishing Co., 1936. CARL 355.330942 F966g and Microfilm D000562 1975. Reprint. Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, May 1984.

General Fuller examines generalship in world war and concludes that it has become impersonal, distant, and more a product of staff decisions than true command. He contrasts what he sees as the diseased state of generalship during and after World War I with examples of brilliant personal leadership in earlier wars. Although brief, this work contains an interesting theory of command, stressing the importance of a personal, creative style of leadership.

___. The Generalship of Alexander the Great. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1958. CARL 355.48 F966g.

The first half of this book provides background on Alexander's life and times along with a "strategical narrative" of his conquests. The second part, which is the unique part of this work, analyzes his generalship based upon terrain and other military considerations. His great battles, sieges, and small wars are all viewed in detail, and the result is what Liddell Hart referred to as the "masterpiece" of all Fuller's books.

___. The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co., 1929. CARL 923.73 G763fu.

This work is divided into three sections: the origin, strategy and tactics of the Civil War; Grant's career as a subordinate general from Ft. Donelson to Chattanooga; and finally, Grant's campaigns as General-in-Chief. Grant's campaigns are considered in detail to bring to light his tactics and strategy. Fuller views Grant as a great strategist and a model of integrity for future generations of American youth.

Gabel, Christopher R. The Lorraine Campaign: An Overview, September-December 1944. Fort Leavenworth, h, KS: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, February 1985.

This forty-page pamphlet was adapted from an introductory course taught at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. It is a good example of an analysis of a military campaign conducted at the operational level.

Gause, Alfred. "Command Techniques Employed by Field Marshal Rommel in Africa." Armor 67 (July-August 1958):22-25.

This article is an analysis of the leadership style of Rommel as reported by his chief of staff in North Africa. While not directly relevant to the operational level of war, it is instructive about the leadership techniques and procedures used by a master of the art.

Gayvoronskiy, F., Col. Gen. "Wartime Operations: The Battle of Moscow-Development of Operational Art." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1669 (29 April 1982) :19-26. JPRS no. 80703. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], December 1981:23-29.

This article analyzes the operational lessons learned from the battles in front of Moscow in 1941. Key lessons include the absolute requirement for depth to the defense and the necessity of counterstrikes, with emphasis on surprise and mass.

___. "Soviet Military Achievements in Iasi-Kishinev Operation Viewed." USSR Report: Military Affairs (27 December 1984):1-10. JPRS no. UMA-84-079. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "Soviet Military Art from the Experience of the Iasi-Kishinev Operation," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], August 1984:9-17.

The Soviets consider the Battle of Iasi-Kishinev (20-29 August 1944) to be one of the most instructive battles of World War II because of the terrain in which it was fought and because of the strategic, political, and military results that it achieved. This article emphasizes a number of key features in the short campaign: the choice of two attack axes, the massing of men and weapons, reconnaissance, achievement of operational surprise, heavy fires, use of mobile groups, engineer support, and the quality of the senior leadership.

General Tactical Functions of Larger Units. Fort Leavenworth, KS: General Service Schools Press, 1920, 1922, 1927. Multiple editions. CARL K209 C.73 D4 E7 F8.

Glantz, David M., Lt. Col. August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria. Leavenworth Papers no. 7. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, February 1983.

Based on both Japanese and Soviet sources, this meticulously researched work provides a theater-level case study of Soviet "lightning warfare" in Manchuria in August 1945. It discusses strategy, organizational structures, and the conduct of the multifront series of operations that ended fourteen years of Japanese rule in Manchuria. Lieutenant Colonel Glantz' work reveals much about the Soviet operational level of war. The numerous maps, tables, and illustrations complement this excellent work.

___. August Storm: Soviet Tactical and Operational Combat in Manchuria, 1945. Leavenworth Papers no. 8. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, June 1983.

This companion volume to Leavenworth Paper no. 7 examines eight selected divisional and army-level operations that show the flexibility and initiative of the Soviets in a variety of circumstances. Thus, Lieutenant Colonel Glantz considers Soviet operations in heavily wooded mountains, arid mountains, and swampy lowlands and analyzes army penetration operations, the reduction of a fortified region, joint ground and riverine operations, and forward detachments in deep operations. This in-depth study is accompanied by a series of excellent tables, maps, and illustrations.

___. "The Nature of Soviet Operational Art." Parameters 15 (Spring 1985):2-12.

Lieutenant Colonel Glantz' short article clarifies the Soviet concept of the operational level of war by examining its historical basis. Quotations from Soviet military theorists like M. N. Tulkachevsky, A. A. Svechin, and V. D. Sokolovsky trace Soviet doctrine in the operational art from the late 1920s to the present. Eight functions of Soviet operational art are presented, demonstrating the complete integration of this concept into Soviet military science.

___. "Soviet Operational Formation for Battle: A Perspective." Military Review 63 (February 1983):2-12.

This article presents a penetrating analysis of the development and maturation of Soviet operational formations from their inception in the theory growing out of the cavalry experience of the Russian Civil War (1918-21) to the present day operational groupings. He shows how Soviet operational groupings matured in World War II, were modified by the Zhukov-led military reorganization completed in 1957 (with its emphasis on the nuclear battlefield), and began a return in the 1970s to conventional combat techniques. His analysis of Soviet echelonment techniques and their rationale and the evolution of forward detachments and mobile groups provides great insight into the Soviet conception of the operational level of war.

Goldsmith, R. F. K., Maj. Gen. "The Eighth Army at Bay--July 1942." Pt. 1. "From the Jaws of Defeat." Army Quarterly [Great Britain] 104 October 1974):552-60; Pt. 2. "A New Defensive System." Army Quarterly Great Britain] 105 (January 1975):67-75.

This contemporary article directly addresses several vital issues pertaining to the conduct and application of the operational art. It focuses on the aggressive defensive operations of Eighth Army's 10th, 13th, and 30th Corps during the critical summer of 1942 (preceding the decisive battle at El Alamein). The article outlines General Sir Claude Auchinleck's attempts to restore the lagging offensive spirit of the Eighth Army by adapting a combined arms-oriented mobile defense with the intent of seizing the initiative from Rommel's Africa Corps and decisively defeating it.

Golubovich, V. "Wartime Operational-Tactical Training of Reserve Armies Described." USSR Report: Military Affairs no.___(n.d.):63-69. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "From the Experience of the Operational-Tactical Training of Reserve Armies," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal Military history journal], 1 September 1979:33-38. Photocopy of the article in CSI files.

Golubovich focuses on the organization and training of reserve armies during the second half of World War II, making reference to a number of specific cases along the way. He concludes with the suggestion that this experience can help promote combat readiness under modern conditions.

Graham, Col. "Progress of the Military Art." Colburn's United Service Magazine and Navy Military Journal 1876 pt. 2 (2 February 1876):269-84.

Graham, John A., Maj. "An Historical Analysis of the Principles Employed by Frederick the Great and Joseph E. Johnston in the Conduct of War at the Operational Level." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, May 1985. To be submitted to DTIC.

Graham analyzes Frederick's campaigns in 1756, 1757, and 1758 and compares them with Joseph Johnston's Peninsular and Atlanta campaigns in 1862 and 1863. He looks at both commanders at the operational level to find similarities and differences. The analysis of reasons for success or failure is good, though the choice of the commanders is not appropriate because of the differences in political power and ability to set strategic goals of the commanders. Graham shows that Frederick's ability to seize the initiative was critical to his success in a strategic defense while outnumbered, whereas Johnston's failure to gain the initiative and his inappropriate reactions to his enemy's moves were damaging to the Southern effort.

Great Britain. War Office. The Eighth Army, September 1941 to January 1943. London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1944. CARL 940.5423 G786e.

This book contains a rather general description of the Eighth Army campaigns in North Africa prior to the time that this army entered Tunisia and was amalgamated into the 18th Army Group. The effective use of highly mobile armored strike forces, especially in the exploitation and pursuit phase of operations, is described. The difficulties of desert warfare and the constraints imposed on highly mobile forces by logistics are shown. There are numerous maps and photos.

___. Field Service Regulations. Vol. 3. Operations--Higher Formations (1935). London. H. M. Stationery Office, 1935. CARL M506 A4.42.

This volume, the successor to volume 2, which was titled "Operations--General, encapsulates British thinking on the operational art prior to World War II. Philosophical in tone and general in content, it includes chapters on campaign planning, command and control, offense, defense, and withdrawal operations. It does not detail specific operational techniques or procedures.

Griffith, Henry R. "Great Warriors at Chattanooga: Braxton Bragg and George H. Thomas." Student report, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, AL, March 1982. DTIC ADB-066964L.

This study compares the personalities and military activities of Generals Thomas and Bragg. The discussion concerning how they performed as commanders touches on various aspects of the operational level of war, including intelligence, logistics, density of command, and pursuit.

Gross, David F., Capt. "Logistics Implications of the Operational-Level Offensive." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, May 1984. To be submitted to DTIC.

Gross analyzes historical examples to determine the crucial logistical factors limiting the extent of operational-level offensive operations in World War II. Based on this, he analyzes the TOE of the current heavy division to determine if it could sustain itself in such a situation. He finds one of the main problems to be fuel but still believes there is adequate capability in the heavy division to maintain an offensive in a European scenario.

Guderian, Heinz. Panzer Leader. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1952. CARL 940.5343 G922p.

This book is the autobiography of the man responsible for creating the German armored force before World War II and then leading that force to its greatest victories in northern France and the Soviet Union. Guderian discusses the development of his tank doctrine and describes his experiences as the commander of a highly mobile armored strike force. Hitler's interference in army operations and war production is discussed. The latter portion of the book details Guderian's efforts to defend against large-scale Soviet offensive operations on the Eastern Front. There are numerous maps.

Haig, Douglas Haig, let Earl. Cavalry Studies: Strategical and Tactical. London: Hugh Rees, 1907. CARL M40 Jl A.42.

Major General Haig, Inspector-General of Cavalry in India, discusses the various roles of cavalry in the course of describing a number of staff rides undertaken in India between 1903 and 1906. The value of organizing cavalry into large units the size of divisions and even corps is discussed. Napoleon's use of cavalry in large units to facilitate operational maneuver is generously praised. Numerous maps are included.

Hamley, Edward Bruce, Sir. The Operations of War Explained and Illustrated. New edition brought up to the latest requirements by Maj. Gen. L. E. Kiggell. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1914. CARL 355 H2230 1914.

This book discusses various principles of military operations using historical examples from the Napoleonic era, the American Civil War, and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. Emphasis is placed on the importance of maneuver and supply. There is one chapter devoted to examining the effect of terrain on military operations and another chapter on the Russo-Japanese War. There are many maps.

Handley, Philip W., Aadu Karemaa, and Ronald A. Roberge. "Nine Days to Oder: An Alternate NATO Strategy for Central Region, Europe." Group study project, Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, June 1980. DTIC and CARL ADA-089759.

This group study project presents a plan for using conventional forces to defeat Warsaw Pact forces attacking western Europe. The plan envisions the use of a rapid flanking movement through Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland in combination with an amphibious landing in northern Poland to achieve a deep envelopment of Warsaw Pact armies in Germany. The detailed discussion of how this plan could be implemented is a good study of the factors involved in large-scale maneuver at the operational level of war. Numerous maps and tables embellish the text.

Harding, Thomas C., Capt. "The Shortest Way Home." Armor 73 (January-February 1964):46-47.

This short article describes the role of the 4th Armored Division, (%II Corps, Third Army) in the envelopment and capture of Nancy, France, in September 1944. The campaign is seen as an example of what can be accomplished by fast-moving armored formations operating in the rear of enemy formations.

Hart, Reginald Clare, Sir. Reflections on the Art of War. London: W. Clowes and Sons, 1894. CARL 355 H326r.

This book contains a general discussion of the principles of warfare, from leadership to supply. The need to maintain initiative and achieve mobility is stressed.

Heiborg, H. H. D., Col. "12th Army Group Plans and Operations for the Rhine Crossing and the Closing of the Ruhr Pocket." Military Review 31 (September 1951):26-37.

While describing 12th Army Group operations from the Normandy breakout to the closing of the Ruhr Pocket, Colonel Heiborg states the case for using highly mobile, heavy armored units to rapidly exploit enemy disorganization.

Henderson, George Francis Robert. The Science of War: A Collection of Essays and Lectures, 1892-1903. London: Longmans, Green, 1905. CARL 355 H496s.

This book contains a series of essays published between 1891 and 1903. Edited posthumously, Henderson's essays consider questions of strategy, tactics, military theory, and military history. This work provides a glimpse of the most advanced military thinking in Britain at the turn of the century and provides insights into operations, combined arms theory, and officer education that are relevant today.

___. Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War. 2 vols. New York: Crown, 1932; New York: David McKay, 1968. CARL 923.573 J14h4.

This excellent biography of Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson describes in detail his Mexican War experiences and his exploits as a Confederate general. From Jackson's campaigns during the Civil War, one sees the value of vigorous, courageous leadership and the importance of surprise and pursuit as means to multiply the effectiveness of combat power. There are many maps in this book.

Hepp, Leo. "The Twelfth Army in the Balkan Campaign of 1941." Military Review 35 (February 1956):84-94.

This article describes the German move into the Balkans in the spring of 1941 from both a strategic and an operational perspective. The rationale behind the various Twelfth Army operational maneuvers and the reasons for the success of those operations are discussed.

Higgins, George A., Maj. "The Operational Tenets of Generals Heinz Guderian and George S. Patton, Jr." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, May 1985. To be submitted to DTIC.

Higgins analyzes the writings and operations of these two World War II generals to determine how they were alike and where they differed. He isolates six tenets that characterize these two leaders: concentrated artillery; air-ground coordination; envelopment or encirclement of the enemy; high speed; calculated flank and logistical risk; and personal, forward command. The discussion develops these points to illustrate where they were used properly and where they were misused. He finishes with implications for today's Army.

Hinsley, Francis Harry, E. E. Thomas, C. F. G. Random, and R. C. Knight. British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations. 2 vols. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. CARL 940.548641 H6656.

These volumes represent a major contribution to the study of World War II. They show the importance of good intelligence to military operations and provide insights into the problems of intelligence gathering, analysis, and dissemination. The areas covered are Europe, North Africa, and the Mediterranean.

History of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, 1941-1945. 6 vols. Moscow: Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1961-65.

The official Soviet six-volume history of World War II, the works should be used by any serious student of large operations on the Eastern Front. The volumes are available through DTIC.

Holder, L. D., Lt. Col. "A New Day for Operational Art." Army 35 (March 1985):22-28, 32.

This is an important article that defines the necessity to relearn the lessons of operational-level combat at the highest levels. Taught in the 1920s and 1930s to both Command and General Staff College and Army War College students, the art of moving and maneuvering large units was ignored following 1945 until the emphasis was readopted in 1982. Holder calls for the schools to take the lead in training both the students and the senior commanders of today in the fundamentals of operations, so that they can operate effectively in present and future events.

Horne, Alistair. The Price of Glory: Verdun, 1916. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1963. CARL 940.427 H815p.

This book is an excellent account of the Battle of Verdun. World War I trench warfare comes alive in Horne's description of the German and French Armies struggle to achieve the elusive breakthrough that would allow them to maneuver and gain victory. The impact of this battle on the French and German nations and on military doctrine is discussed. Illustrations include photographs, maps, and fortification plans.

___. To Lose a Battle: France 1940. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. CARL 940.5421 H815t.

This book describes in great detail the German attack on France in 1940 and French efforts to repel the invaders. What emerges is a picture of what can be achieved at the operational level of war when proper doctrine and good planning are combined with commanders who are ready and willing to exploit every opportunity for penetration and deep maneuver. Numerous photos and maps accompany the text.

Horner, David Murray. Crisis of Command: Australian Generalship and the Japanese Threat, 1941-1943. Canberra, Australia Norwalk, CT: Australian National University Press, 1978. CARL 940.540994 H816c.

This examination of Australian generalship during the early years of World War II in the Pacific pays particular attention to interpersonal relations and the ability of Australia's military leaders to cope with the psychological pressures imposed on them by their own superiors as well as by the Japanese. American generals such as MacArthur, Eichelberger, and Sutherland appear frequently in the narrative. There is a good description of the New Guinea campaign.

House, Jonathan M., Capt. Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A Survey of 20thCentury Tactics, Doctrine, and Organization. Research Survey no. 2. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, August 1984.

Captain House's study examines the development of combined arms doctrine, tactics, and organization at the division level and below. Historical examples from World War I through the Arab-Israeli War of 1973 show how combined arms doctrine has changed in response to the opportunities and challenges posed by technological change. This study describes the complexity of using combined arms effectively on the modern battlefield and discusses recurring issues in doctrinal development.

Howard, Robert Timothy. "The Confederate Defense of Vicksburg: A Case Study of the Principle of the Offensive in the Defense." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1972. DTIC and CARL ADA-090174.

Howard's thesis shows the importance of maintaining freedom of action while on the defensive. The value of unity of command, intelligence, and an aggressive spirit is illustrated.

Howson, J. M., Lt. Col. "The Administration of Wellington's Army in the Peninsula, 1809-14." Army Quarterly 90 (July 1965):168-72.

This article describes the ways in which an effective logistical system contributed to Wellington's operations in Spain. Comparisons are made with British logistics in World War II.

Huber, Reiner K., L. J. Low, and J. G. Taylor. "Some Thoughts on Developing a Theory of Combat." Technical report, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, July 1979. DTIC ADA-072938.

This item consists of four short papers presented to the "Theory of Combat Workshop" held at the Naval Postgraduate School, 10-11 July 1979. The papers discuss the need for a theory of combat and the difficulties encountered in establishing combat models.

Ionin, G., Col. "Development of Defensive Tactics" [On the experience of the Great Patriotic War]. Soviet Military Review, January 1980:34-35.

Ionin's article presents a general description of the changes in Soviet defensive doctrine that occurred during World War II. The importance of the corps link of control, defense in depth, greater firepower, and maneuver forces is mentioned.

Jackson, C. A., Maj. "Soviet Tactics." Infantry School Quarterly 45 (October 1955):60-75.

This article discusses Soviet offensive and defensive doctrine primarily on the tactical level, but there is some mention of operational level concerns. The Soviet doctrine of using rapid maneuver to destroy enemy forces is described.

Jacobs, Walter Darnell. "The Art of Operations: Soviet Theoreticians Have Wedged What They Call the Operational Art Between Tactics and Strategy but to Little Apparent Practical Purpose." Army 12 (November 1961):60-64.

Jacobs discusses the historical development of the concept of "operational art" in the Soviet Union and concludes that this concept does not "advance the military art." In his opinion the traditional division of war into strategy and tactics is sufficient for the analysis of military operations.

James, Dorris Clayton. The Years of MacArthur. Vol. 2. 1941-1945. Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1975. CARL 923.573 M116j.

This second of a three-volume biography of General of the Army Douglas MacArthur covers the period from December 1941, when the Japanese attacked the Philippines, to 2 September 1945, when the Japanese surrendered aboard the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay. The biography focuses on MacArthur as a soldier and commander and on the campaigns in the southwest Pacific area of operations. Considerable information on the operational level of war in the Pacific emerges from this well-written and thoroughly researched biography.

___. The Years of MacArthur. Vol. 3. Triumph and Disaster, 1945-1964. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985. CARL 923.573 M116j.

In this last volume of James' definitive biography of General MacArthur, attention is paid to the reconstruction of Japan and other events that happened after 1950. The chapters on Korea show MacArthur's skill as an operational commander, especially his personal impact on the planning and conduct of the Inchon landing. More time, however, is devoted to his personal struggles and conflicts with the Washington, DC, leadership--a situation that eventually led to his being dismissed.

James, Walter Haweis. Modern Strategy: An Outline of Principles Which Guide the Conduct of Campaigns, to Which Is Added a Chapter on Modern Tactics. 2d ed., rev. and enlarged. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood, 1904. CARL 355.43 J29m 1904.

Dated, but still interesting, this book explains the principles of campaigns using examples from the nineteenth century and the Boer War. James was a British officer writing for his fellow officers, and his work was used as a text in some Army schools. He stresses the importance of political considerations in the conduct of war. He realizes the value of modern fire to enhance the fighting power of small units and to increase the effectiveness of the defensive. This is a clearly written and perceptive book. Unfortunately, Douglas Haig, commander of the B.E.F. in World War I, failed to heed some of its lessons.

Japan. Rikugun. Battle Principles. Translated into English from the original Japanese by Shigeo Emoto. N.p., 1934.

This book is written for the divisional commander. It is a translation of Japanese tactical thought from the 1929 era. Though it is not addressed to corps-level operations, its sections on command philosophy and combined arms operations are of value to the student of the operational level of war.

Jenkins, Frank R. "Development of Interdiction Doctrine and Strategy in the USAF: Post World War II." Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: U.S. Air War College, April 1977. DTIC and CARL ADB-018519L.

This is a research report prepared by a USAF colonel while a student at the Air War College. The report traces the changes in air interdiction doctrine and strategy from 1945 to 1977. The author assesses how the lessons of World War II interdiction were applied during the Korean War, the interdiction strategy of the United States in Vietnam, and approaches to interdiction of the 1970s. The author flew combat tours in Southeast Asia. He believes that, owing to restrictions, air interdiction in Vietnam served mostly as a bad example of the use of air power. Interdiction in future wars, according to the author, should be used only on selected occasions rather than in sustained campaigns because of political restrictions and strike resource availability.

Jomini, Henri, Baron. The Art of War. New ed. Translated from the French by G. H. Wendell and W. P. Craighill. The West Point Military Library. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1971. OCLC entry 133814.

Jomini was a participant in and observer of the campaigns of Napoleon. The Art of War was first printed in 1838. It is concerned with the problem of the validity of general ideas in military science and develops principles of war, operational art, and strategy. Jomini's theoretical writings have been a staple of military education for over a century and a half. While this translation is not without flaws, it is preferred to the translation by Winship and McLean.

___. The Political and Military History of the Campaign of Waterloo. 3d ed. Translated from the French of General Baron de Jomini by Capt. S. V. Benet. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1864. CARL 944.05 J75p3.

This is a history of the campaign of 1815 by the great French military thinker and author, Jomini. The work traces Napoleon's efforts from his escape from Elba to the end of his career. Jomini assesses the political and military events of the period including the Battles of Ligny and Waterloo. The work provides evidence of why Napoleon was a master of the operational level of war, even in defeat.

___. Treatise on Grand Military Operations; or, A Critical and Military History of the Wars of Frederick the Great, as Contrasted with the Modern System. Together with a Few of the Most Important Principles of the Art of War. Translated from the French by Col. S. B. Holabird. 2 vols. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1865. CARL 355 J75t. The original work is listed in the French language section of this bibliography.

Jomini was the most celebrated and influential student of Napoleon. This massive history details the campaigns of Frederick the Great in the first volume and the first wars of the French Revolution in volume two. Important sections of this work explain Jomini's concept of lines of operation and the principles of war. There are descriptions of how battles and campaigns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were conducted. Included in the volumes are an index and an atlas of battle maps.

Karpushin, I., Col. "Wartime Operations: Tank Army Rear Services Support." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. ___ (n.d.):34-42. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "Rear Services Support for the First Guards Tank Army in the L'wow-Sandomierz Operation," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], January 1981:30-36. Photocopy in CSI files.

Karpushin looks at the methods used to resupply the let Guards Tank Army in a major operation in July-August 1944. He discusses the establishment of forward supply points, medical facilities, and engineer units and how they functioned as the battle progressed. This is most valuable as an examination of the problems that arose in this operation and how they were solved to permit the offensive to continue.

Kazakov, K. P. Always With the Infantry, Always With the Tanks. Translated by Leo Kanner Associates. Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1973. DTIC ADB-002022.

Available through DTIC, this history records the contribution of Soviet artillery to operations on the Eastern Front. As such, the book illuminates the interplay of combined arms during most of the major operations in the east.

Kearsey, Alexander Horace Cyril. Marlborough and His Campaigns, 1702-1709. 2d ed. Aldershot, England: Gale, 1929. CARL 942.069 K24m2.

This and the following twelve volumes are a series written to illustrate the necessity for adherence to timeless principles of war as they apply to the operational art. Each book is brief and serves as an excellent introduction to the campaign addressed in its title. Although Kearsey claims to be addressing strategy and tactics, in fact, most of his work directly concerns the maneuvering of larger units--what we now term the operational level of war. His principles of war are British but are similar to those used by the U.S. Army and are equally applicable when analyzing a campaign.

___. Notes and Lectures on the Campaign in Mesopotamia. London: Hugh Rees, 1927. CARL 940.415 K24n.

___. Notes and Comments on the Dardanelles Campaign. Aldershot, England: Gale & Polden, 1933. CARL M9403 J.56 D.

___. Notes on the Campaign in France, 1914. From the Beginning of Hostilities Until the End of the Battle of the R. Aisne. . . . London: Sifton Praed & Co., 1928. CARL M9403 J.44:4.

___. A Study of the Peninsular Campaign up to and Including the Battle of Salamanca, Illustrating the Principles of War. London: William Kelly, 1928. CARL M946 06 J3.

___. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of Tannenberg Illustrating the Principles of War. London: William Kelly, n.d. CARL 940.422 K24s.

___. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of the East Prussian Campaign, 1914, Illustrating the Principles of War. 2d ed. rev. London: Sifton Praed & Co., 1932. CARL M9403 J.47:4 R.

___. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904, up to and Including the Battle of Liao Yang; Illustrating the Principles of War. London: Kelly, 1928. CARL 952.031 K24s.

___. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of the Mesopotamia Campaign, 1914-1917, up to and Including the Capture and Consolidation of Baghdad, April 1917, Illustrating the Principles of War. London: Gale & Polden, 1934. West Point D568.5 K214.

___. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904, up to 24th August; Illustrating the Principles of War and the Field Service Regulations. Aldershot, England: Gale & Polden, 1935. An expanded edition.

___. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of the 1796 Campaign Illustrating the Principles of War. London: Kelly & Co., 1928. CARL M944 05J3 C.

___. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1861-1862. London: Gale & Polden, 1930. West Point 973.7328 131.

___. A Summary of the Strategy and Tactics of the Egypt and Palestine Campaign with Details of the 1917-18 Operations, Illustrating the Principles of War. 2d ed., rev. Aldershot, England: Gale & Polden, 1931. CARL M9403 J.56p.

Kennedy, R. M., Maj. "The German Use of Armor in Poland." Armor 66 (January-February 1957):61-64.

The German campaign in Poland in 1939 was not planned as a blitzkrieg operation because fast-moving mobile warfare was not a completely accepted doctrine. However, the success of the panzer force in Poland, described in this brief, concise, and excellent article, supported the case of proponents of blitzkrieg warfare. In Poland, the German panzer force and General Guderian were able to show their mastery of the operational level of war. The author of this article used material collected while writing Department of the Army Pamphlet no. 20-255, The German Campaign in Poland.

Kingston-McCloughry, Edgar James, Air Vice Marshall. The Direction of War: A Critique of the Political Direction and High Command in War. New York: F. A. Praeger, 1955. CARL 355.33 K55d.

While based or. British military-civilian relationships of the 1950s, this book has applicability today. The author is concerned about the use of armed force in the nuclear age. His focus is primarily concerned with war at the strategic level.

Kireyev, N., Col., and Col. N. Dovbenko. "Wartime Experience in the Employment of Armored Corps." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1736 (17 January 1983):25-35. JPRS no. 82664. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "From the Experience of the Employment of Advanced Detachments of Tank (Mechanized) Corps," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], September 1982:20-27.

This article is particularly interesting for its discussion of the development of forward detachments. The authors note the importance of having the "optimal composition" of units to provide sufficient power and mobility to operate effectively deep in the enemy's lines. A number of specific cases are highlighted for discussion.

Kiryan, M., Maj. Gen. "An Army in the Offensive." Soviet Military Review, August 1976:53-55.

Major General Kiryan declares that during World War II the Soviet Armed Forces accumulated considerable experience in carrying out operations on an army scale using combined arms armies. Armies acted either independently or within the mission of the front of which they were a part. Army operations depended upon artillery and air support, particularly after 1943. Echelonment of forces and actions by mobile groups were important factors in successful Soviet operations. Methods for offensive operations at army level evolved during World War II and led to the theory of operational art employed by the Soviets after the war.

Kobrin, N., Col. "Encirclement Operations." Soviet Military Review, August 1981:36-39.

This article provides a general assessment of Soviet encirclement operations during World War II. The focus is at army level. Kobrin's thesis is that during World War II, encirclement of German armies was one of the most resolute forms of Soviet offensive operations. Despite the diverse conditions under which encirclements were attempted, the Soviets were usually able to achieve sufficient mass to accomplish the main offensive mission. Operations were carried out in depth, and surprise was usually achieved. The author claims that encirclement continues to be a basis for developing modern military operations.

___. "A Tank Army in the Offensive." Soviet Military Review January 1976:47-49.

This brief article explains Soviet use of tank armies in offensive operations during World War II. The tank armies served to greatly increase the scale of operations owing to their massive employment, high speed, and achievement of great depth. The article describes the organizational structure of Soviet tank armies and tells how a tank army's commitment to action was prepared. Tank armies used mobility and power to break through to the operational depth and encircle the enemy.

Korzun, L., Maj. Gen. "Independent Operations." Soviet Military Review, April 1980:26-28.

Using examples from the Soviet Army's World War II experiences, the author shows that independent operations by tank and motorized infantry units and subunits had an important tactical and operational role. Independent operations were advocated by Soviet theorists in the 1930s and used successfully in World War II. Effective reconnaissance, surprise, maneuver, and the indirect approach combined to make Soviet independent operations work in World War II, and the author believes such operations continue to be practical.

Kozlov, S. N., et al., ads. Soviet Military Science. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1964. Translated by the Foreign Technology Division, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, in 1967. CARL 355.0947 K88s. Also DTIC AD-660949.The original work is listed in the Russian language section of this bibliography.

Kozlov presents a somewhat dated look at Soviet theoretical concepts and classifies the structure and branches of military science. The decisive role of nuclear arms is central to all considerations.

Kuhl, Hermann Joseph von, and General von Bergmann. Movements and Supply of the German First Army During August and September, 1914. Fort Leavenworth, KS: The Command and General Staff School Press, 1929. CARL 940.41343 K96m.

General Kuhn was Chief of Staff of the German First Army during the initial period of World War I. He wrote this study at the urging of and with the assistance of the U.S. Army. His coauthor was General von Bergmann, who acted as army G-4 during the operations. The book provides a thorough examination of army and corps organization, movement, and supply in the German Army's invasion of France in 1914. Those interested in supplying an army while it is constantly on the move will find this a useful work.

Laffin, John. Links of Leadership: Thirty Centuries of Military Command. New York: Abelard-Schuman, 1970. CARL 355.331 L163L.

This is a book about war and the leadership of men in wars beginning with Gideon in biblical times and concluding with Montgomery at Alamein. Each chapter focuses on a different era of history and highlights the role of individual commanders. Although the analysis is sometimes superficial and there is no documentation, Laffin's book provides an interesting summary of the conduct of war. Both military thinkers and masters of the operational level of war are reviewed here.

Landry, John R., et al. "Strategic and Doctrinal Implications of Deep Attack Concepts for the Defense of Europe." Washington, DC: U.S. National War College, April 1983. DTIC and CARL ADB-075064L.

This research report by five students at the National War College evaluates the U.S. Army's AirLand Battle doctrine and the SHAPE Follow-on Force Attack Concept. The report assesses doctrinal considerations regarding the relationship between deep attack and the forward battle, the allocation of airpower, and procedures for air-ground coordination. The author also examines potential Soviet countermeasures to U.S. doctrine. The author believes that despite differences, AirLand Battle and SHAPE concepts can be complementary. The report relies on secondary sources.

Lashchenko, P., Gen., and Col. N. Ramanichev. "Wartime Operations: Organizing and Planning Cooperation." USSR Report: Military Affairs no.___(n.d.):10-18. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "Methods of Planning and Organizing Cooperation When Preparing for Front and Army Operations," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], January 1981:9-16. Photocopy in CSI files.

The authors discuss lessons learned during World War II for planning and coordinating operations of large units, including war gaming, successive versus parallel planning, and high-level centralized direction.

Lendy, Auguste Frederic. The Principles of War; or, Elementary Treatise on Higher Tactics and Strategy. 2d ed. London: Mitchell and Son, 1862. CARL M501 A.42.

Lewin, Ronald. The Chief: Field Marshal Lord Wavell, Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy, 1939-1947. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1980. CARL 940.54250924 W35

The author's purpose is to assess the achievements and mistakes of Wavell as a military commander, but the work, in many ways, is a study in personality. There is, however, a brief discussion of Wavell's role (both positive and negative) in Compass, which provides a good example in the operational level of war.

___. Montgomery as Military Commander. New York: Stein and Day, 1972. CARL 940.54 L672m.

Lewin traces Montgomery's controversial career from World War I through the interwar years, ending in the final days of World War II. Certain elements of Lewin's study are obviously more applicable to the study of the operational art than others. The chapters on Alamein and the 21st Army Group's operations in central Europe touch upon several key operational issues, especially as they apply to the conduct of large-scale combined and joint operations. Montgomery's leadership style and command and control techniques are also closely analyzed. Consequently, the work not only contains lessons learned on the operational art (as exercised by the famous British military leader) but many lessons concerning leadership of large formations.

___. Rommel as Military Commander. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1968. LC U55 R6L4. 40

Lewin presents a popular treatment of Rommel as a successful military commander. He provides excellent maps and stresses Rommel's brilliance in conducting armored warfare. Many of Rommel's tenets are discussed, such as the need to thrust deeply into the enemy's rear, the disregard of one's flanks while attacking the enemy's, and the imperative of momentum. The author also assesses Rommel's leadership and command and control.

___. Slim, the Standardbearer: A Biography of Field-Marshal the Viscount Slim. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1976. CARL 940.54250924 S633L 1976.

This book is a detailed and tedious account of Field Marshal Slim's military operations in Southeast Asia, although a critical analysis is generally wanting. The author's treatment, however, improves when discussing the last phases of the war in Burma.

Liddell Hart, Basil Henry. Foch: The Man of Orleans. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1932. CARL 923.544 F652LB.

A good analysis of the military thought, career, and times of this famous French general. Liddell Hart portrays Foch as an antithesis to Napoleon, i.e., a single-minded general who learned lessons through experience that coalesced and culminated late in his military career. There is a good deal of critical analysis of campaigns in western Europe.

___. The Memoirs of Captain Liddell Hart. 2 vols. London: Cassell, 1965. CARL 355.00941 L712m.

This two-volume set of memoirs constitutes an important source for understanding Liddell Hart's thought and his opinions of others in the field of military history, theory, and practice. Any appreciation of Liddell Hart's work must take into consideration these memoirs, which provide useful insights into the author's character and personality and how they affected his ideas and studies.

___. "New Warfare--New Tactics." Marine Corps Gazette 39 (October 1955):10-13.

Sensitive to the United States' situation in NATO, Liddell Hart argues that future warfare in Europe must be based on fluidity of force and controlled dispersion of forces rather than on their concentration. Such tactics, with a concomitant organization, were used by the Germans in France in the last phases of World War II. This tradition goes back to the tactics of Napoleon, which involved multiple envelopments.

___. Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1930. CARL 923.573 S533Li.

This study is a superb analysis of Sherman, whom Liddell Hart considers a model general in the planning and conduct of military operations. The author critically traces Sherman's development as a military commander, ending his treatment with the Atlanta campaign and subsequent engagements. This book is important, for many writers consider Sherman a master of operational art. The reading of this study should be balanced, however, by using Sherman's papers, a practice the author did not follow in a thorough manner.

___. Strategy: The Indirect Approach. New York: Praeger, 1954. CARL 355.48 L712s 1946.

This classic in military literature is a thought-provoking work that was first published in 1929. The author surveys major wars in European history (including World War II) to support his thesis that the indirect approach is the key to victories on the battlefield. This technique allows for the dislocation of the enemy's psychological and physical balance through the use of such actions as strategic maneuver, deep penetration, and rear attack. Rather than attack the strength of opposing forces, one aim is to achieve success by destroying the enemy's centers of command and communication so that general paralysis takes place. These ideas emphasizing maneuver warfare have been translated into the concepts that underlie AirLand Battle, the doctrine that brings to the fore the operational level of war.

Loizeau, L. The Maneuver of the Corps Within the Army. Courbevoie, France: P. Chanove & Cie, 1932. Mimeographed translation from the French by C. A. Willoughby, et al. Fort Leavenworth, KS: The Command & General Staff School, 1935. CARL M901 A.44. The original work is listed in the French language section of this bibliography.

This volume contains a series of lectures given by General Loizeau at the French Ecole Supérieur de Guerre and translated for use at the Command and General Staff School. Loizeau uses historical examples through 1914 to show how corps can use maneuver to achieve decision.

Luchinsky, A., Gen. "General Describes Development of Strategy, Operational Art in Kursk Battle." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1813 (10 November 1983):26-33. JPRS no. 84726. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "on Certain Questions in the Development of Strategy and Operational Art in the Battle of Kursk," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal Military history journal], June 1983:26-33.

This discussion of Soviet defenses on the Kursk salient purports to demonstrate the increasing sophistication of Soviet military art as the war rogressed. Among other features, the Soviet counteroffensive Belgorod-Kharkov) shows the successful employment of tank armies as mobile groups.

Luttwak, Edward N. "The Operational Level of War." International Security 5 (Winter 1980-81):61-79.

Arguing against the American military mind-set rooted in wars of attrition, the author instead advocates a mastery of the operational level of war as characterized by the relational-maneuver method of operations, a method whose main principles are avoidance, deception, elusiveness, and momentum. To illustrate his points, Luttwak uses two examples--the classic German blitzkrieg and the Finnish defense in depth for Lapland. The latter example deserves serious attention.

Luttwak, Edward N., and Dan Horowitz. The Israeli Army. New York: Harper and Row, 1975. CARL 355.0095694 L974.

This standard history of the Israeli Defense Forces provides an excellent analysis of the evolution of tactics, strategy, command and control, organization, and military behavior of the Israeli armed forces since the country's independence in 1948. The book offers numerous examples of deep battle, exploitation, and indirect approach, including information on the classic push of Israeli armor to the Suez Canal in 1967. Appreciating Israeli achievements in the planning and conduct of operations is vital, for this demonstrates that the operational art has been practiced by forces smaller than corps.

Luttwak, Edward N., and S. L. Canby. "Mindset: National Styles in Warfare and the Operational Level of Planning, Conduct and Analysis." Unpublished paper. Washington, DC: C. & L. Associates, 1980.

These two authors contrast two basic types of warfare: wars of attrition and wars of relational maneuver. The German blitzkrieg and the Finnish defense in depth are contrasted as two basic styles of warfare--the latter category being one of relational maneuver.

Luvaas, Jay. The Military Legacy of the Civil War: The European Inheritance. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1959. CARL 973.73 L976m.

Luvaas examines how the French, British, and Germans studied the Civil War and explains why they drew the lessons that they did. His conclusion is that military history studied superficially only serves to confirm one's principles rather than to aid one in the discovery of new insights. This book is worthy of consideration by those who recognize the value of studying the past for applications to the present.

MacArthur, Douglas. Reminiscences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. CARL 923.573 M116RA.

This is a self-serving book that provides meager details about MacArthur's battle record in the Pacific and Korea.

MacCarthy, M. Dugue. "The Corps of the French Army--A Historical Summary." Military Review 45 (May 1965):54-67.

This excellent and succinct article provides a historical overview of army corps. Beginning his discussion with Napoleon, the author analyzes subsequent developments in the French and German Armies and summarizes developments during World War I, the interwar period in France and Germany, and World War II. He explores the reasons for various changes and the effects of reforms on command and control, logistics, and tactics.

MacMunn, George Fletcher, Sir, and Cyril Bentham Falls. Military Operations, Egypt & Palestine. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. 2 vols. in 3 and atlas. London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1928-30. CARL 940.3 M168h.

This is a standard work on the subject, but it falls short of offering a conceptional framework for analyzing battles with the operational level of war in mind. Nevertheless, the reader can draw his own conclusions on the basis of the rich details provided by the authors.

Manstein, Erich von. "Defensive Operations in Southern Russia, 1943-1944." Marine Corps Gazette 41 (April 1957):40-53. Annotated by Capt. B. H. Liddell Hart.

Manstein provides a brief sketch of the problems and methods of German retreat from the Soviet Union in 1943 and 1944. It is recommended that Manstein's book be used for a much fuller treatment of this subject.

___. Lost Victories. Chicago: H. Regnery, 1958. CARL 940.54013 M289L. Reprint. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1982. CARL 940.54013 M289L 1982.

This work by an outstanding (many say the best) German general in World War II constitutes essential reading. Field Marshal von Manstein provides illuminating details and a critical analysis of German military operations in Russia, although he underestimates achievements made by the Soviets in the conduct of operations and lays too much blame on Hitler for German failures. Von Manstein's recapture of Kharkov was the most brilliant operational performance of his career. Although successful in offense, this German commander has gained deserved recognition for his orderly withdrawal of German forces from the Soviet Union.

Maryshev, A., Maj. Gen. "Specific Features of Lwow-Sandomierz Operation Reviewed." USSR Report: Military Affairs (28 November 1984):12-18. JPRS no. UMA-84-073. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], July 1984:20-26.

Maryshev outlines the conduct of the Lwow-Sandomierz [Lvov-Sandomierz] operation, paying special attention to the development of offensive thrusts, the regrouping of tank armies, and the crossing of the Vistula River. He stresses the importance of this experience in the development of Soviet military art.

Maryshev, A., Maj. Gen., and Lt. Col. V. Iminov. "Wartime Operations: Defensive Counterstrikes." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. ___ (n.d.):19-27. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "From the Experience of Conducting Counterstrikes on the Defensive," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], January 1981:17-24. Photocopy in CSI files.

The authors discuss the evolution of counterattacks by the Soviet Army in World War II at the operational level. They also describe the importance of such operations, determine lessons learned, and point out the necessity of such operations in the future.

Maude, Frederic Natusch. The Jena Campaign, 1806. London: Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., 1909. CARL M944 05 J5 D3 C.42.

This work is a strategic and operational analysis of Napoleon Bonaparte's Jena campaign. Although now somewhat dated, it remains a useful case study of Bonaparte's operational methods.

___. The Ulm Campaign, 1805. London: George Allen & Co., 1912. CARL 940.27 M447u.

The author uses a methodology similar to his Jena volume to analyze Bonaparte's strategy and operational methods in the Ulm campaign.

Maurice, Frederic Barton, Sir, Maj. Gen. Forty Days in 1914. New York: Doran, 1919. West Point D531 M45. London: Constable & Co., 1919. CARL M9403 J.44:4 A.42.

This work provides a clear and concise operational account of the first forty days of World War I on the Western Front that culminated in the Allied victory on the Marne. This is an excellent short study of a campaign from the perspective of the operational level of war.

___. The Last Four Months: The End of the War in the West. London: Cassell & Co., 1919. CARL M9403 J.44:8 A.42.

This brief, undocumented, but perceptive analysis of the operations of the Allied armies on the Western Front during the final four months of World War I is written by a well-known British officer and military commentator. The focus is on the strategic and operational levels of war.,

___. Robert E. Lee, the Soldier. London: Constable, 1925; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925. CARL 923.573 L479.

A military biography of Lee written by a noted British military historian, this volume covers the eastern theater of the American Civil War from a strategic and operational perspective. Relatively brief, it provides a good background for a more detailed study of Lee's campaigns.

McMahon, T. L., Maj. "Operational Principles: The Operational Art of Erwin Rommel and Bernard Montgomery." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1985. To be submitted to DTIC.

McMahon evaluates the leadership and war-fighting styles of these two generals by viewing each from the perspective of his army's World War II doctrine, then looking for similarities and differences between the men. He then derives implications for the U.S. Army and its AirLand Battle doctrine within the context of NATO.

McMichael, Scott R., Maj. "The Battle of Jassy-Kishinev." Military Review 65 (July 1985):52-65.

The Battle of Jassy-Kishinev involved almost two million men and resulted in the capitulation of Romania and Bulgaria. As an example of maneuver warfare in difficult terrain, it has great value to the student of the operational art. In just ten short days, two Soviet fronts crushed the four Axis armies of Army Group South Ukraine and drove up to 400 kilometers deep into the Axis rear. The article is worthy of study for many reasons, not the least of which is the Soviet style of creating large encirclements simultaneously with the conduct of exploitation and pursuit.

Mellenthin, Friedrich Wilhelm von. German Generals of World War II: As I Saw Them. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. CARL 940.540943 M525g.

Primarily a study of the personal attributes and characters of fourteen general officers in the German Army in World War II, this book touches peripherally on operational questions. Its utility, therefore, is limited to a consideration of the effects of personality on operational questions.

___. Panzer Battles: A Study of the Employment of Armor in the Second World War. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956; New York: Ballantine, 1971. CARL 940.542 M525p 1981.

This is a classic operational study of most of the German armored battles of World War II. The author participated in these campaigns as an officer of the German General Staff.

Meretskov, Kirill A. Serving the People. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1971. CARL 355.331 M559s.

Marshal Meretskov's experiences as an army and front commander in the northern sector (Leningrad, Finland) of the Eastern Front and in Manchuria are described in this book. The book is useful for the information it contains regarding large operations in the difficult terrain and subarctic climes of northern Russia.

Messervy-Whiting, G. G., Maj. "Tactical Offensive Air Power and the 1 [BR] Corps Battlefield." Journal of the Royal United Service Institution 123 (September 1978):23-26.

This article has direct application for the employment of tactical air forces (1 British Corps) in an attack on echeloned Soviet forces in central Europe. Outlining intelligence and targeting responsibilities for deep attack at both corp and division level, the author recommends a number of procedural and well as organizational changes to improve the responsiveness and effectiveness of tactical air power within the British Army and Royal Air Force. Despite the author's focus on the British tactical system, his arguments can be applied successfully to current American doctrinal issues on the same subject.

Mitchell, William Augustus. "Use of the General Reserve in Grand Tactic Maneuvers as Illustrated in the Russo-Japanese War." Professional Memoirs, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, and Engineer Department-at-Large 10 January-February 1918):21-58. CARL M410 C.73 D4. West Point UG1 M59.

This article addresses the use of the General Reserve in operational maneuvers. Utilizing several case studies from the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, it makes some good generalizations about the use of reserves.

Monash, John, Sir. The Australian Victories in France in 1918. London: Hutchinson, n.d.; New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., n.d. CARL M9403 E4 D.42 Z94.

In this book, the commander of the Australian Army Corps describes his unit's participation in operations on the Western Front in 1918. It is an excellent study of the operations of one corps in World War I.

Morin, Michael J. "Does NATO Need a New Conventional Operational Strategy?" Study project, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, May 1980. DTIC and CARL ADA-093055.

This paper argues that NATO should adopt an operational strategy of mobile engagements in depth instead of the current operational concept of forward defense, with its linear dispositions and insufficient reserves. A well-reasoned argument in purely operational terms, the paper does not address the political implications of such an alteration in operational concepts.

Moulton, James Louis. A Study of Warfare in Three Dimensions: The Norwegian Campaign of 1940. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1967. CARL 940.5421 M927s.

This book is a strategic and operational case study of the Norwegian campaign of 1940--the first occasion on which all three elements of modern war (land, sea, and air) were fully involved. Written by a major general of Royal Marines, it covers the Norwegian campaign fully and analytically, drawing upon sources from all the combatants. The book also compares the Norwegian campaign with the Guadalcanal campaign of 1942.

Mrazek, James E. The Art of Winning Wars. New York: Walker and Co., 1968. CARL 355 M939a.

Mrazek's work is an attack on the lack of creativity and imagination shown by soldiers in their attempts to solve military problems "by the book." (The Vietnam war being a prime example.) The author discusses the "creativity gap" between soldiers (professionals) and guerrillas (amateurs).

Muller, Victor C. A Bibliography of Military Strategy and Tactics. Rondebosch, South Africa: University of Cape Town, School of Librarianship, 1951. LC Z6724 S8M8.

This bibliography addresses the areas of strategy and tactics. It is divided according to three periods: pre-World War I, interwar, and World War II and after. Its entries are not annotated. A subject index is provided as the last section of the book.

Naylor, William Keith. The Marne Miracle. Illustrating the Principles of War. Washington, DC: U.S. Infantry Association, 1923. CARL M9403 J.44:4 N5.

An excellent operational analysis of the Marne campaign of 1914, this book argues that "the German failure was not due to the defective plan so much as it was due to defective command and execution." The concluding chapter is especially good in its analysis of the operational principles used and abused in the campaign.

___. Principles of Strategy with Historical Illustrations. Fort Leavenworth, KS: The General Service Schools Press, 1921. CARL 355.43 N333p.

Its title notwithstanding, this work is a textbook on operational principles as envisioned in 1921. Naylor makes excellent use of historical examples to reinforce his points.

Nikolaieff, Alexander M. "The Battle and Defeat of the Russian Second Army in East Prussia in 1914." Army Quarterly [Great Britain] 85 (October 1962):88-99.

This brief article provides an account of the operations of the 4 1/2 Corps of the Imperial Russian Second Army at the famous battle of Tannenberg in late August 1914. The problems created by faulty operational planning at army level and the inflexible leadership of Russian commanders at both army and corps echelons resulted in a decisive Russian defeat at the hands of a greatly outnumbered, but doctrinally superior and better organized and equipped, German force. The problems of exercising operational level command and control over widely dispersed maneuvering corps offer timeless lessons. Also illuminating is the Russian failure to maintain a focus on the primary objectives of their ill-fated East Prussian campaign.

___. "Operations of the Russian First Army in East Prussia in August 1913." Army Quarterly [Great Britain] 87 (October 1962):108-14.

The importance of seeing the battlefield is stressed in this brief article on the three-corps-size Russian First Army's campaign in East Prussia in the late summer of 1914. The article not only dispells several historical myths about the controversial World War I campaign, but it also explains the problems of seizing the initiative, counterattacking, and executing a vigorous pursuit after a force has been on the operational defensive. The importance of taking risks and adopting an offensive mind-set, in spite of not knowing the continued offensive capabilities of the enemy, are dealt with. Many operations within this campaign have contemporary application to both the theory and the practice of the operational art.

Novikov, Iudim Zalmanovich. Manoeuvre in Modern Land Warfare. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972. CARL 355.422 N943m.

This book is a theoretical discussion of maneuver in a nuclear environment. Although it primarily emphasizes tactical maneuver, the work also gives some attention to the operational and strategic levels of war.

Palmer, Dave Richard. Summons of the Trumpet: U.S.-Vietnam in Perspective. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1978. CARL 959.7043375 P173s.

In this highly acclaimed book, General Palmer focuses on America's war in Vietnam. Written by one of the principal players in much that happened, the account has been generally acknowledged as one of the best accounts of the war.

Parotkin, I. V., et al. Liberation Mission of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Second World War. Edited by Marshal A. A. Grechko. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1975. CARL 940.5421 L695.

This book won the Frunze Prize for military scholarship in the Soviet Union in 1973. It is a valuable source of information and analysis on the large operations conducted outside the borders of the Soviet Union during World War II. In addition to the well-known Belorussian and Vistula-Oder campaigns, the book also describes operations in the southern sector of the front: Yassy-Kishinev, Budapest, Belgrade, Slovakia, Vienna, and Prague are some of the battles described in detail. Politically biased rhetoric is a minor problem throughout the book.

Patton, George Smith. War as I Knew It. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1947. CARL 940.542 P322w.

Brief as it is, this volume is George Patton's own account of his operations in World War II. As such, it illuminates many operational concepts and details from the commander's perspective.

Quimby, Robert S. The Background of Napoleonic Warfare: The Theory of Military Tactics in Eighteenth-Century France. New York: AMS Press, 1968. CARL 355.409 Q6b.

Primarily a study of the tactics of the French Army during the eighteenth century, this closely reasoned and heavily documented work argues that the tactical changes of the Napoleonic era were evolutionary rather than revolutionary. It contains a limited but useful amount of material on the development of grand tactical (operational) concepts.

Raymond, Charles Walker. "Strategy and Grand Tactics." Professional Memoirs, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, and Engineer Department-at-Large 7 July-August 1915):469-89. A lecture delivered at Yale University in 1882 and again in 1883. Contributed and edited by Maj. R. R. Raymond. CARL M410 C.73 D4. West Point P UG1 M59.

Reznichenko, V., Lieut. Gen., and Col. I. Suddenok. "Wartime Experience in Joint and Combined-Arms Operations." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. ___ (n.d.):3-12. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "The System of Combined-Arms and Joint Operations," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], April 1981:11-19. Photocopy in CSI files.

On the basis of preliminary investigation, the authors offer an analysis of the preparation and conduct of combined arms and joint offensive operations employing ground, air, and naval forces. They note the increase in the number of such operations late in the war. Characteristics of the operations were encirclement and annihilation of large enemy groupings, fragmentation of the front of enemy defenses, and the annihilation of remaining formations.

Ridgway, Matthew Bunker. The Korean War. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1967. CARL 951.9042 R544k.

General Ridgway commanded the Eighth Army and Far Eastern Command during the Korean War. Although this book does not focus on the operational level of war, it provides a viewpoint on operations from the corps level and higher. The strategy of the war is also covered in some detail.

___. Soldier: The Memoirs of Matthew B. Ridgway. New York: Harper, 1956. CARL 923.573 R544A.

General Ridgway's autobiography provides valuable background information for the application of the operational art of war at division, corps, and army levels.

Romanus, Charles F. "Corps d'Armee--Element of Maneuver." Army Information Digest 17 (September 1962):19-25.

Romanus has written an interesting historical article on the evolution of the corps as a maneuver element. The article focuses on the corps and its function in the operational art of war.

Romjue, John L. From Active Defense to AirLand Battle: The Development of Army Doctrine, 1973-1982. Fort Monroe, VA: Historical Office, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, June 1984. CARL 355.00973 R765f.

The title suggests the thrust of this 120-page book: the evolution of doctrine in the U.S. Army from 1973 to 1982. Debates regarding the active defense, the reemphasis on the NATO battlefield, and the concepts of the extended and the integrated battlefield are among the major subjects examined by Romjue. The book also describes the thought and influence of many of the most important doctrinal thinkers of the period--Starry, DePuy, Morelli, Meyer, Luttwak, Wass de Czege, and others.

Rommel, Erwin. The Rommel Papers. Edited by Basil Henry Liddell Hart. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1953. CARL 940.542 R766r.

This work is a collection of Rommel's World War II notes and letters with an introduction and remarks by Liddell Hart and concluding comments by Rommel's son, Manfred, on the events surrounding Rommel's death. The book contains a section on "The Rules of Desert Warfare." Rommel provides his reflections on the military art, some of which concern concentration in time rather than in space, the effect of speed outweighing number, flexibility as a means to surprise, security provided by audacity, the value of indirect rather than direct reply to an enemy's moves, and the inadvisability of unprincipled expediency.

Ruehle, Michael. "The Soviet Operational Maneuver Group (ONG): Is the Threat Lost in a Terminological Quarrel?" Armed Forces Journal International 122 (August 1984):53-55+,

A useful discussion on the existence of the Soviet Operational Maneuver Group (ONG), the article argues that NATO should be considering doctrine to counter an OMG-type threat instead of arguing about the terminology of the force. The article also includes a discussion on the Soviet view of the differences between tactics and the operational art.

Savkin, Vasilii Yefishovich. The Basic Principles of Operational Art and Tactics (A Soviet View). Translated and published under the auspices of the U.S. Air Force. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974. CARL 355.430947 S267b. The original work is listed in the Russian language section of this bibliography.

Published in 1972, this book quickly assumed an important place in the field of Soviet publications on operational art. Purporting to be based on scientifically derived, objectively verifiable laws of warfare, this work can be disagreeable because of its heavy Marxist rhetoric. Nevertheless, its strong historical foundation and its in-depth consideration of the ideas of mobility, high tempo, mass, surprise, initiative, and survivability mark it as an important study. Colonel Savkin presumes throughout the book that the battlefield will be a nuclear one. This book is must reading for serious students of the operational and tactical levels of war in that it is an authoritative Soviet statement on the nature of today's nuclear battlefield.

Savushkin, R. "On the Question of the Origin of the Theory of Successive Offensive Operations (1921-1929)." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1788 (12 August 1983):72-80.JPRS 84 Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], May 1983:77-83.

This report is based on the Soviet experiences of World War I and the Civil War. It explores the concept of successive offensive operations. This concept has three parts: initial operation, pursuit operation (or intermediate operations), and final operation. These operations merge into a single offensive operation, the aim being no longer the gradual destruction of the large enemy grouping by several operational efforts but rather its complete destruction in the course of one operation.

Schmidt, Robert L., Lt. Col. "XX Corps Operations, 1 August-22 November 1944: A Study in Combat Power." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1985. To be submitted to DTIC.

Although this is primarily a study in tactics, there are some valuable lessons to be drawn from this study of a successful corps commander. Schmidt focuses on General Walton H. Walker and his impact on the operations of XX Corps from initial training through the end of the Lorraine campaign.

Scott, Harriet Fast, and William F. Scott, ads. The Soviet Art of War: Doctrine, Strategy, and Tactics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982. CARL 355.00947 57292.

The authors of this outstanding book had as their purpose the documentation of the development of Soviet military art as derived from basic Soviet sources. The book is divided into six chapters covering the years 1917-41, 1941-53, 1953-59, 1960-68, 1969-73, and 1974-80. Each chapter is a collection of individual articles by Soviet authors, each article addressing some question regarding the development of Soviet military art. Not all the articles address the operational level of war, although many do. Among the questions discussed in the book are the evolution of combined arms ground combat; the relationship of a society, its culture, and its economy to warfare; the impact of nuclear technology on the battlefield; and the integration of air, ground, and naval operations. The authors also precede each chapter with their own analysis and summary of important military developments during the time period under consideration.

Seaman, J. 0., Col. "Reduction of the Colmar Pocket: A 6th Army Group Operation." Military Review 31 (October 1951):37-50.

Seaman provides an excellent example of operational maneuver. His article describes a World War II combined force of American and French units of the 6th Army Group that time their attack with the movement of German general reserves to create a pocket.

Seaton, Albert. The Russo-German War, 1941-45. New York: Praeger, 1971. CARL 940.5421 S441r.

This excellent history focuses on the strategic and operational levels of war. It relies heavily on Western sources but provides a relatively unbiased account of the war on the Eastern Front. Although the book is 600 pages long, it does not address the operational level of war per se, but approaches it through its detailed description of military operations and campaigns. Unfortunately, the work suffers from a lack of maps. It does, however, provide excellent discussions of strategic, political, and economic issues.

Selle, Herbert. "The German Sixth Army on the Way to Catastrophe." The advance to Stalingrad]. Military Review 37 (January 1958):92-97. Digested from Allegemeine schweitzerische militarzeitschrift [Germany], August 1956.

The article provides a historical example of a double pincer movement along the Don River. Sells blames the final positions of the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad on the rigidity of Hitler's orders.

Semmes, Harry Hodges. Portrait of Patton. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1955. CARL 923.573 P322s.

This is a personal biography of General Patton by a friend and commander who served under him in both world wars. It is of limited value to the operational level of war except to show how Patton motivated his soldiers and how he led his various units.

Senger and Etterlin, F. M. von, Gen. "New Operational Dimensions." Journal of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies 128 (June 1983):11-15.

This brief but interesting article proposes the immediate formation of air-mechanized brigades and divisions equipped with air-mechanized main battle air vehicles (MBAVs-heavy attack helicopters). These units would also contain infantry in an air assault role with organic transport helicopters. Their operational deployment in central Europe is described. The authors contend that these units can be created from existing assets and would function well in an aggressive defensive doctrine. The authors stress that these units would be ideal as an operational reserve and would be well suited for the engagement of Soviet operational maneuver groups, attacks on Soviet second echelons, or deep attack in an offensive operation.

Shevchuk, V., Lt. Col. "Wartime Operations: Battle of Smolensk." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. ___ (n.d.):13-19. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "Actions of Operational Troop Groupings in the Smolensk Battle (10 July-10 September 1941)," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], December 1979:10-14. Photocopy in CSI files.

Shevchuk looks at the operations of ad hoc operational groups established by the Soviets to conduct a counteroffensive against German forces around Smolensk in the summer of 1941. He emphasizes the importance of these operations in the maintenance of the strategic defense then being conducted. The failure of these troops to achieve their initial objectives is explained as due to a lack of air support in the face of strong enemy air attacks, inadequate time to plan, and a lack of sufficient troops and equipment.

___. "Wartime Operations: Employment of Operational Groups in Moscow Battle." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1660 (24 March 1982):83-88. JPRS no. 80390. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "From the Experience of Employing Operational Troop Groups in the Battle of

Moscow," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], November 1981:76-80.

This is an interesting discussion of Gen. A. P. Belov's highly successful extended deep raid into the German rear with the lst Guards Cavalry Corps from 17 November 1941 to 10 January 1942. Belov's forces linked up with the forces of IV Airborne Corps (dropped in the German rear) and local partisan forces. They successfully disrupted the German rear for seven months as the most successful of several operational groups formed by the Soviets in the Battle of Moscow. This group was the predecessor of later, better organized Soviet mobile groups.

Shtemenko, S. "How the Last Campaign to Defeat Hitler's Germany Was Planned" [Kak planirovalas poslednyaya kampaniya po razgromu gitlerovskoy germanii]. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], no. 5, 1965:56-72. Translated by the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (Army), Washington, DC. DTIC AD-626287.

The article discusses the General Staff's reactions to Stalin's strategic and operational decisions. It specifically addresses how the final World War II campaigns were planned from the Soviet perspective.

Shutov, Z. "Meeting Engagements of Tank Armies." Soviet Military Review, December 1976:51-53.

Shutov summarizes the Soviet view of tank army meeting engagements from World War II. The article contains interesting observations on fire support, organization, broad maneuvers on the battlefield, the dynamics of combat operations, and initiative.

Sidorenko, Andrei Alekseevich. The Offensive (a Soviet View). Moskva: Voenizdat, 1970. Translated and published under the auspices of the U.S. Air Force. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.CARL 355.430947 S568o. The original work is listed in the Russian language section of this bibliography.

This work by Colonel A. A. Sidorenko of the Frunze Military Academy was one of the most important Soviet doctrinal works of the 1970s. It is concerned almost exclusively with the operational level of war. Espousing the firmly held Soviet view that the offensive is the decisive form of military operations, this book assumes that victory in future battle will depend on offensive action in a nuclear environment. Sidorenko describes how the Soviets would conduct offensive campaigns under conditions of widespread destruction, contamination, and fluid, unfixed battle lines. The book includes discussions on the subjects of massing forces and fires, wide maneuver, pursuit, exploitation, river crossings, surprise, and night operations. This study is one of the most basic and important texts available on the Soviet operational art under nuclear conditions.

Skorodumov, I., Maj. Gen. "Wartime Tank Corps Operations Described." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. ___ (n.d.):29-38. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "The 2d Guards Tank Corps in the Belorussian Operation," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], June 1979:27-33..

Using the reminiscences of a tank corps' commander, Major General A. S. Burdeynyy, and other documents, the author describes preparations and planning for the tank corps' role in the Belorussian operation. It is shown how carefully laid plans went swiftly awry and the corps' actual operations were quite changed from what was originally intended. How the corps commanders coped with the changes and fought successfully against German forces occupies the remainder of the article. This is a good example of corps operations in adverse circumstances.

Slim, William Slim, let Viscount. Defeat into Victory. 2d ed. London: Cassell, 1956. CARL 940.5425 S633d 1956.

This clear, accurate, straight-forward memoir is by one of the best Allied practitioners of the operational art of war in World War II. Slim's Burma campaigns are masterful examples of leadership in war.

Snelling, A., Maj. Gen. "Notes on Some Administrative Aspects of the Campaign of the Fourteenth Army, 1943-44." Army Quarterly [Great Britain] 90 (July 1965):176-97.

The article discusses logistics for the World War II Burma campaign. Highlighted are logistic difficulties, improvisations, and solutions. This is good background material for corps- and army-level logistic operations and planning.

Sokolov, V., Maj. Gen. "Wartime Organization Development of Signal Troops." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. ___ (n.d.):13-22. JPRS no. unknown. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "Development of the Organizational Structure of Signal Troops in the War Years," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], April 1981:20-27. Photocopy in CSI files.

Sokolov discusses the growth of Soviet communications units during World War II. He details their expansion; the consolidation of their state, general staff, and army communications facilities; and the use of their radio and air liaison to assist command and control.

Sokolovskii, V., and M. Cherednichenko. "Revolution in Military Affairs, Its Importance and Consequences [Military art on a new stage. Krasnaya zvezda [Red star], 25 August 1964:2-3. Unedited rough draft translation by Foreign Technology Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. DTIC AD-608078.

The last three pages of this 1964 article contain the author's definition of the military art and a discussion on its three components: strategy, operational art, and tactics.

Steinmetz, R. T., Lt. Col. "Comments on Operational Responsibilities of the Corps Commander." Military Review 35 (June 1955):55-58.

This 1955 article reflects the requirement for the larger-unit commander to be aware of the need for a third level of warfare--the operational level. The author suggests we borrow from our European allies and establish the command, staff, and communications systems needed for a corps commander to influence the tactical battle. Providing the means to fight the tactical battle is not enough, however; recognizing the operational level of battle is a necessity so that a system can be structured to allow the corps commander to deal with actions off the battlefield that directly affect actions on the battlefield. Steinmetz describes the operational level of battle in terms of building a bridge to a mobile far bank. The situation is constantly changing, and with only a consideration of the two fixed levels of war--tactics and strategy--any solution is at best a temporary patch job. The author proposes the adoption of a term that deals with this high-speed, rapidly changing situation--the operational level of war. This is an excellent early article proposing the adoption of the term.

Stevenson, F. E., Lt. Col. "Third Army's Planning for the Crossing of the Rhine River." Military Review 30 (March 1951):33-42.

This article is a consideration of the planning for Third Army's assault crossing of the Rhine that began on 22 March 1945. Primarily considered from an engineer's perspective, the article details bridging requirements, enemy capabilities, use of local resources, troop training, and lessons learned. This is a detailed article reflecting Army-level bridging operations in an assault.

Strafer, Kenneth J., Capt. "The Soviet Threat to Corps General Support Center." Army Logistics 9 (July-August 1977):6-9.

This article analyzes the Soviet threat to the corps logistical center (the general support center). The author points out the Soviet capability to launch strikes on this vital center by specialized airborne tacticalunits and long-range aviation. Strategic surveillance devices will be used to target command and logistical centers, and tactical and operational deep strikes will be conducted to disrupt support operations of the major maneuver units. Submarine-launched ballistic missiles will be used to destroy port facilities. The author points out that probable targets for Soviet deep strikes would be the armaments and combat vehicle facilities of the corps general support centers. This would seriously hamper support of sustained operations. As a final word, the author stresses the importance of the combat service support commander's maintaining tactical as well as technical proficiency. This article alerts the operational planner to this added dimension of the Soviet threat to successful, sustained combat operations.

Strategy and Tactics of the Soviet-German War. By Officers of the Red Army and Soviet War Correspondents. New York: Hutchinson and Co., 1942. West Point D811 5898. OCLC entry 3784595.

This early-war propaganda piece primarily focuses on the tactical level of war. Prepared by Soviet authors, the work is heavy on pedantic phraseology and light on usable material. The beneficial portions of the work are the sections on tanks, airpower, and paratroops. There is also one short article on a long-term raid in the enemy rear. In addition, this work will give the reader an insight into Soviet propaganda writings and the Soviet perspective during the early days of World War II.

Stuckey, John D. "Echelons Above Corps." Parameters, Journal of the U.S. Army War College 13 (December 1983):39-47.

This succinct article traces the evolution of "echelons above corps" (EAC) and calls for the establishment of a command echelon above the corps. Colonel Stuckey emphasizes the "joint" and "combined" aspects of EAC procedures and the role of the unified command. He strongly supports one or more echelon above corps to enhance command and control capability of Army forces. To fill the requirement, doctrine would have to be established, organization outlined, and JCS Publication no. 2 changed to reflect the new concepts.

Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Reports of General MacArthur. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. CARL 940.5426 S959r.

This reference consists of two volumes prepared by members of MacArthur's staff. Volume 1 describes the operations of forces under General MacArthur from the Japanese attack on Luzon in 1941 through the surrender in 1945. Volume 2 covers Japanese operations in the Pacific from prewar preparations in 1941 through the end of the war. Volume 1 has a supplement, but it is not relevant to wartime operations as it covers the MacArthur era of postwar occupation of Japan. This reference has a good resevoir of data on the southwest Pacific area of operation at the theater level. Operational lessons can be gleaned from this narrative.

Tactical and Strategical Studies . . . 1923-27. 3 vols. Fort Leavenworth, KS: The General Service Schools Press, 1923-27. Vol. l: The Detached Corps. 1925. Vol. 2: Corps and Army. Pts. 1, 2. 1927. Vol. 3: A Group of Armies. 1923. CARL M209 C.73 D4 E7 F8. West Point U166 U55ts.

This series was published at Fort Leavenworth as an instructional aid for instructors and officers of the Army to foster their understanding of the organizational structure of larger units. Primarily oriented on unit organization, the various volumes address specific levels, i.e., corps, field army, and army group, discussing troop allocation and missions at the various echelons. The primary value of these works are for historical background on the various echelons. Volume 3, A Group of Armies, contains a practical exercise entailing offensive and defensive operations and is accompanied by a map exercise. The practical exercise also requires the user to estimate the means required to support the operation. These works could be useful in providing guidelines for preparing practical exercises for current operations (format, organization, etc.).

Tanksley, David M., Maj. "What Is the Soviet Operational Maneuver Group and What Are Its Implications for the US Army's AirLand Battle Doctrine?" MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1985. To be submitted to DTIC.

Tanksley examines the Soviet's Operational Maneuver Group (CMG) and focuses on its roles, missions, strengths, and vulnerabilities. He explores the implications for and impact on U.S. AirLand Battle doctrine of the CMG and recommends ways to properly counter its threat by proper use of our doctrine.

Taran, I., Col. "Wartime Communications in Tank Army Discussed." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. ___ (n.d.):48-56. JPRS 73410. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "Organization of Communications in the 1st Tank Army in the Belgorod-Khar'kov Operation," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], February 1979:80-84.

Colonel Taran describes the planning and development of a complete communications network for the 1st Tank Army's campaign in the Belgorod-Kharkov operations of August 1943. The network supplied multiple communications routes of several types to and from the highest and lowest levels of command in the army. He describes how the effective communications contributed to the success of the army's offensive operations.

Thayer, Thomas C. A Systems Analysis View of the Vietnam War: 1965-1972. Vol. 4. Allied Ground and Naval Operations. Washington, DC: Assistant Secretary of Defense Systems Analysis), February 1975. DTIC ADA-051610.

This twelve-volume set includes every article printed in the fifty-issue series of the Southeast Asia Analyses Report. The report represents a month-by-month analysis of Vietnam War activity, including forces and manpower; Viet Cong-North Vietnamese operations; Allied ground, naval, and air operations; RVNAF; casualties and losses; population security; war costs and inflation; and construction and port operations in South Vietnam (DTIC abstract). Users will find portions of this work beneficial for understanding operations from 1965 to 1972. The author makes use of a large number of charts that reflect statistical data. This is a good overall reference work containing much data. Specific application to the operational level of war is lacking in this work, but it provides a good overall survey of the designated years.

Tiberi, Paul, Lt. Col. "German Versus Soviet Blitzkrieg." Military Review 65 (September 1985):63-71.

Blitzkreig as it evolved in World War II was operational warfare at its most effective. Tiberi looks at types of operational warfare (attrition and maneuver) then analyzes the way the Germans and Soviets used these concepts against each other. He believes the Germans were successful because they succeeded in making the total force assimilate the blitzkrieg concept and achieved outstanding harmony between the tactical and operational levels of their forces. The Germans lacked an equivalent harmony between the operational and strategic levels, an area where the Soviets excelled, and this led to their ultimate defeat, despite their early successes and general tactical supremacy.

Tomhave, Steven F. "Tactical Nuclear Operations: The Doctrinal Dilemma." Research study, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, May 1980. DTIC and CARL ADA-093111.

Produced in 1980, this work contends that the United States does not have a viable tactical nuclear doctrine and needs to establish one for appropriate situations. Although of peripheral interest to the conventional war planner, this work examines the parameters of tactical nuclear conditions in the U.S. and Soviet structures. Tomhave focuses on such issues as release, sufficiency, and other conditions that would have to be considered should tactical nuclear weapons enter the picture. Included is an analysis of USSR and Warsaw Pact capabilities. All of these issues are discussed from the viewpoint of the operational level of war.

Troxel, 0. C., Col. "A Corps Advances to Contact." Military Review 31 (July 1951):11-17.

Colonel Troxel, an instructor at CGSC at the time this article was written, presents a type corps with a fictional commander placed in a position of conducting a corps-level advance to contact. The article is fairly comprehensive, following the commander through the various aspects of the operation. The commander organizes the leading elements with strong armor forces to drive in and destroy the enemy's security forces while maintaining a flexible mobile force. The commander recalls a historical example (VIII Corps on the Brittany peninsula in 1944) and uses the lessons of that event in his planning. This is followed by a war-gaming of possible enemy actions and a general discussion of formations and force structure. Although dated, this article still reflects pertinent aspects of corps-level operations.

Trufanov, N., Col. Gen. "Wartime Operations of the 51st Army at Stalingrad." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1750 (7 March 1983):27-34. JPRS no. 83021. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "The 51st Army in the Counteroffensive at Stalingrad," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], October 1982:25-31.

Trufanov commanded the Fifty-first Army during the counteroffensive that isolated the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad in 1942. His account is of interest as a study in command and decision making but is of little other value.

Tuchman, Barbara. Stillwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-1945. New York: Macmillan, 1970. CARL 951.040924 5857t.

Although primarily a political military consideration directed at the strategic level, the sections in this work on the Burma campaign and the maneuver of large units during the various campaigns are interesting commentaries on the operational level of war. The reader should pick and choose those parts of this book applicable to the operational level of war (primarily the World War II section).

Tuker, Francis, Sir, Lt. Gen. The Pattern of War. London: Cassell and Co., 1948. CARL 355.43 T916p.

The author contends there is and always has been a traditional pattern of war. From these consistencies, the student, through the study of military science, can forecast the nature of the next war and determine whether it will be a war of maneuver or linear stagnation. Careful study is required to forecast such events. In the text, Tuker discusses maneuver warfare, how it declined and resulted in static linear warfare, and how it experienced a resurgence in World War II. A number of historical examples are provided.

U. S. Army War College. Art of War Colloquium. Selected German Operations on the Eastern Front. Vol. l: The Zitadelle Offensive and the Collapse of Army Group Center, 1944. Reprints of Military Studies MS nos. T-26 and T-31. Carlisle Barracks, PA, December 1983.

This volume contains reprints of two manuscripts originally produced under the direction of the Historical Division, U. S. Army Europe. Ms no. T-26, "The ZITADELLE Offensive, 1943," was written by General of the Infantry Theodor Busse and others in 1947; Ms no. T-31, "Collapse of Army Group Center, 1944," was written by Generalmajor Peter von der Groeben in 1947. Two campaigns are analyzed: The Battle of Kursk (July 1943) and the Belorussian campaign (June-August 1944). The accounts display a German bias but are otherwise useful as studies of the operational level of war.

The Art of War Colloquium has reprinted several other similar volumes on German operations on the Eastern Front.

U.S. Department of the Army. FYI 100-5, Operations. Washington, DC, 20 August 1982.

Work on the manual began at the U.S. Command and General Staff College in late 1980. The manual reflects a departure from the doctrine of the 1970s and states a positive, offensively oriented approach. The active defense of the 1970s is replaced by AirLand Battle. The manual relates the three levels of war: tactical, operational, and strategic. Emphasis is on the tactical level of war.

___. Pamphlet no. 20-233. German Defense Tactics against Russian Breakthroughs. Washington, DC: January 1951.

___. Pamphlet no. 20-234. Operations of Encircled Forces. Washington, DC, January 1952.

These pamphlets are two in a large series of manuscripts prepared by German general officers for the Historical Division, U.S. Army, Europe, after World War II. These two pamphlets are the only ones that concern the operational level of war. They contain excellent maps and astute analysis, although the German perspective must be critically appraised by today's readers.

___. Center of Military History. The United States Army in World War II. [series]. Washington, DC, various dates.

This series of "green books" is the massive official recounting of the operations of the U.S. Army during World War II. Divided into subseries that address every theater as well as technical and medical operations and special studies, the series covers the war in detail from the actions of companies and platoons to the highest decision-making level, from mobilizing the nation for war to supplying our allies. Included in the numerous volumes are details of the planning and execution of operational-level campaigns in every theater in which the U.S. Army fought the enemy.

___. The United States Army in the Korean War. [Series]. Washington, DC, various dates.

The purpose of this series is to accomplish for the Korean War what the green books listed above have done for World War II. The contents of the few books published in the series are similar.

U. S. Military Academy. Department of Military Art and Engineering. Operations in Korea. West Point, NY: 1953. CARL 951.9 U575o.

This short study contains a number of very good maps and provides a valuable review of the operational and strategic conduct if the war in Korea.

U.S. War Department. General Staff. The German Armored Army. Series no. 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1942. CARL 358.1 G373.

This is a small book published by the Military Intelligence Service and based on a French General Staff study done immediately after the fall of France. While not dwelling on the operational level of war, the data is relevant, as the German armor concepts were the backbone of the blitzkrieg idea. The booklet emphasizes the transition of a tactical weapon (tank) into a vehicle to gain strategic goals, the essential nature of combined arms action, and the fluid nature of deep-strike battle. Command and control, organization, offensive and defensive operations, and duties of the various echelons are addressed. Only the German developments are considered.

___. German Tactical Doctrine. Prepared by Military Intelligence Service, War Department. Series no. 8. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1942. CARL 355.4 G373.

One of a series of wartime publications by the Military Intelligence Service, this work is based on information prepared by the four U.S. officers allowed to attend the German Staff School between 1935 and 1939. The booklet reflects the teachings of the Kriegsakademie (War College) and covers numerous aspects of tactical doctrine. Major sections of the booklet concern terrain estimates, concealment, combat intelligence estimates, field orders, marches, types of battle (offense, defense, delay, retirement), and employment of field artillery. An appendix shows examples of four different German combat orders. This is good background reading for developing an understanding of the operational level of war.

___. A Survey of German Tactics, 1918. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1918. CARL 355.08 U586m.

Prepared by the Historical Sub-Section of the AEF General Staff, this survey focuses on the tactical aspects of World War I German doctrine. Great detail is presented on almost every aspect of tactical operations, including a section on the use of aviation. This is background reading. No specific implications for the operational level of war are evident.

Van Creveld, Martin L. Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977. CARL 355.41094 V217s.

This is an excellent survey by a respected author relating the problems of moving and supplying armies and how this movement and supply are affected through time by changes in technology, organization, and other relevant factors. The work also investigates the effects of logistics on military operations during the last centuries. Although the evolutional period is of interest, the portion on World War II will be of most importance to those concerned with current operations. Other parts of the survey will shed light on the effects of logistics on the operational level of war, but the reader must be discerning to appreciate those parts.

Vasilevsky, A. M. A Lifelong Cause. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1981.

After Zhukov, Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky was the most experienced and capable Soviet commander during World War II. This book describes his experiences as chief of the General Staff, Stavka representative, front commander, and theater commander during the Manchurian campaign. Vasilevsky had few equals as a practitioner of the operational art and his memoirs deserve careful examination.

Vo Nguyen Giap. The Military Art of People's War: Selected Writings of General Vo Nguyen Giap. Edited and with an introduction by Russell Stetler. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970. CARL 959.704 V872m.

This is a propaganda tract that still contains some valuable information on Giap's philosophy of war. It is a selection of his writings, interspersed with friendly interviews, in which Giap lays out how the Communists organized and conducted their wars against the French and the United States armies.

Wavell, Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Viscount. Soldiers and Soldiering. London: Jonathan Cape, 1953. CARL 355.021 W355s.

Although one could question this entry's relevance to the operational level of war, it provides significant insights into the nature of leaders, especially of commanding generals. Wavell discusses generalship, leadership, and command at the general officer level. He includes a number of historical examples, discussing both successful and unorthodox leaders. This is good background reading for an officer's professional development.

Williams, Thomas Harry. McClellan, Sherman and Grant. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1962; Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976. CARL 923.573 W727m 1976.

This book evaluates the evolution of northern generalship through the careers of McClellan, Sherman, and Grant. It is as much an analysis of character as of leadership. The book's value is that it links these two personal characteristics to the ability of generals to conduct war at the operational level.

Willoughby, Charles Andrew. Maneuver in War. Harrisburg, PA: The Military Service Publishing Co., 1939. CARL 355.4 W739m.

The study of Maneuver in War is useful in examining the operational level of war. It provides a systematic approach for analyzing maneuver. Certain conclusions reached by the authors are questionable because of lessons learned in World War II; consequently, the work should be approached as a valuable piece of historical theory, rather than as a bible on maneuver.

Wilson, B. T., Maj. Gen. "Grand Tactics in Modern War." Army Quarterly [Great Britain] 69 (January 1955):185-93. Digested in Military Review 35 (June 1955):82-89.

The author's purpose in this piece is to demonstrate the continued importance of the use of Grand Tactics in a nuclear environment. In developing his argument, Wilson draws on the record of past commanders such as Moltke, Guderian, and Montgomery. Wilson concludes that a knowledge of Grand Tactics is now the principal responsibility of "commanders who know their business." This responsibility has been increased by the threat of the use of nuclear weapons.

Wolff, Leon. In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign. New York: Viking Press, 1958. CARL M9403 J.44:7 C.

In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign is a highly critical assessment of British generalship, particularly that of Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig. The author feels that the sheer weight of evidence supports his rather severe conclusions. According to Wolff, the 1917 Flanders campaign was a campaign of attrition. As such, it is a prime example of a war conducted without a full grasp of the impact of technology on war. To a student of the operational art, the campaign demonstrates the dangers of ignoring that art.

Wright, Richard J., Maj. "The Death of an Army." Joint Perspectives 3 (Summer 1982):70-85.

This article centers on the destruction of the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad and the key decision makers involved: Hitler, von Paulis, and von Manstein. The author's thesis is that von Manstein, the commander with operational responsibility for von Paulis' rescue, was never given an opportunity to effectively exercise his command. A combination of Hitler's micromanagement and von Paulis' hesitancy ruled out any chance of success at Stalingrad.

Wynne, Graeme Chamley. If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West. Reprint. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976, c1940. OCLC entry 2387700.

Wynne's book traces the German development of the defense in depth. A composite of his earlier published articles, the book is well written. It clearly shows, from the German perspective, the evolution of the defense in depth and its effectiveness in adding an element of offense to a stagnant defensive war. This style defense, as Wynne points out, would serve as the defensive doctrine of the British Army in 1939. The book does deal with large-unit tactics and is of value in studying the operational art.

Yale, Wesle W., Col. "Command and Control in the Grande Armée Lof Napoleon" Armor 78 (September-October 1969):2-6.

Yale's article is an excellent piece on Napoleon's staff organization. Napoleon selected his staff from combat-experienced commanders. Yale points out that Napoleon's use of aides-de-camp as staff observers-special commanders was critical to his ability to exercise direct influence on developing the battle. This practice allowed Napoleon to receive accurate information and to act on it quickly. Yale recommends study of Napoleon's system as a "basis for the application of modern electronics" in speeding information flow.

Yale, Wesley W., Isaac D. White, and Hasso E. von Manteuffel. Alternative to Armageddon: The Peace Potential of Lightning War. New Brunswick, u rutgers University Press, 1970. CARL 355.42 Y18a.

As its title indicates, this work advocates the value of lightning war as an instrument of national strategy. The book is more of an essay than a historical work. While the authors use historical examples to support their thesis, the result is not a detailed history of the development of mobile war. This work does include analyses of past masters of the blitzkreig and their techniques of command and control. The writers also make use of fictional operations to illustrate the applicability of their ideas to future conflicts. To students of operational war, the work is of value in that it presages the shift from a defensive philosophy to that of the AirLand Battle. On the negative side, the authors may go too far in dismissing the possibility of future involvements in counterinsurgency warfare. This, however, can be directly linked to the book's publication date.

Yeliseyev, V., Lt. Col. "Major Pincer Operation in Stalingrad Battle Described." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1765 (3 May1983):20-27. JPRS no. 83387. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "From the Experience of the Surrounding and Destruction of a Large Troop Grouping in the Stalingrad Battle," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], February 1983:18-24.

This article is a brief overview of the great Stalingrad counteroffensive of November-December 1942. It generalizes on the basic Soviet style of encirclement operations and identifies some of the important features of the campaign. However, the report lacks detail and analysis.

Yoo, Je Hyun. "The Countermeasures to an Initial Surprise Attack Through the Analysis of Historical Examples." MMAS thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, KS, June 1980. DTIC and CARL ADA-097693.

This thesis is tied heavily to the notion of winning the first battle. It provides a comprehensive examination of surprise attack doctrine and associated defensive countermeasures. Historical examples cited are the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, and the 1940 Battle of France.

Young, Desmond. Rommel: The Desert Fox. New York: Harper and Row, 1950. CARL 923.543 R766y.

Desmond Young provides an interesting insight into the background and character of Rommel as a man and soldier. His interviews with Rommel's subordinates clarify many questions with regard to Rommel's grasp of the operational art. Rommel clearly was a master of Grand Tactics. The book's weakness lies in its absence of maps to support Young's analysis.

Zeitzler, Kurt, Col. Gen. "Withdrawals of the German Army on the Eastern Front." Military Review 40 (August 1960):73-84. Translated and digested from Wehrkunde [Germany], March 1960.

Zeitzler examines two major withdrawal operations on the Eastern Front: that of Army Group A from the Caucasus and that of Army Group Center. His analysis, of necessity, includes Hitler's role in interfering with these operations. Though concerned with army-level operations, the essay tends to concentrate on the tactical mechanics of withdrawal operations. Zeitzler does address the German Army Chief of Staff's long-term operational goals in planning the operations.

Zieball, Earl L., Lt. Col. "Super Corps." Army 23 (December 1973):45-47.

This article discusses the mid-1970 reorganization of the corps structure as the largest tactical and administrative headquarters. It also describes the corps' newly assigned combat service support mission as well as its increasingly difficult command and control problem. Overall, it is an interesting look at the ideas that led to the abolishment of field army headquarters in the U.S. Army.

Zlatkovskiy, M., Col., and Col. V. Sidorov. "Wartime Experience in the Use of Engineer Obstacles." USSR Report: Military Affairs no. 1692 (30 July 1982):25-33. JPRS 81411. Translated by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service from the Russian article entitled, "The Employment of Tactical and Operational Obstacles Based on Wartime Experience," in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], February 1982:20-26.

This article examines the expansion of Soviet obstacle use, particularly while on the defense during World War II. The authors enumerate the types and numbers of mines and other obstacles that were employed by the Soviets at differing times and at tactical, operational, and strategic depths. The provision of adequate numbers of various types of engines is stressed as of key importance in the Soviet's ability to construct these obstacles. The use of mines to protect the flanks of an offense is also discussed.

Altmayer, René, Gén. Etudes de tactique générale [Studies on general tactics]. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle et Cie, 1937. CARL X503 A1.44.

Bardet de Villeneuve, P. P. A. Cours de la science militaire, a l 'usage de l 'infanterie, de la cavalerie, de l 'artillerie, du génie, et de la marine [Course of military science, for the use of the infantry, the cavalry, the artillery, the engineers, and the navy]. LaHaye, France: Jean van Duren, 17?? West Point.

Bourcet, Pierre Joseph. Principes de la guerre de montagnes [Principles of mountain warfare]. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1888. OCLC entry 6181182.

Buat, Edmond Alphonse Leon, Gén. Etude théorique sur l 'attaque décisive. [Theoretical study on the decisive attack]. Paris: Chapelot, 1909. CARL M503 E1.44.

Callatay, Armand de. Les principes de la tactique [The principles of tactics]. Bruxelles: A. Cestaigne, 1912.

Camon, Hubert. La bataille Napoléonienne [The Napoleonic battle]. Paris: Chapelot, 1899. West Point U162 C14.

___. La première manoeuvre de Napoléon. Manoeuvre de Turin, 12-28 avril 1796 [The first maneuver of Napoleon. The maneuver of Turin, 12-28 April 1796]. Paris: Editions Berger-Levrault, 1937. CARL 940.27 C185p.

___. Le système de guerre de Napoléon [Napoleon's system of war]. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1923.CARL M944 05 Hl D. Typescript translation. Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1925. CARL M944 05 Hl D OVERSIZE.

___. Pour apprendre fart de la guerre [How to learn the art of war]. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1928. CARL M944 05 H1.

Carries, Eugene. L'armée allemand: Son histoire, son organisation, sa tactique [The German Army: Its history, its organization, its tactics]. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1938. CARL 355.0943 C316a.

Castelli, Marie Joseph Louis Dominique de. Cinq journées au Se corps, 1914 [Five days with the Eighth Corps, 1914]. Paris: Editions Berger-Levrault, 1930. CARL 940.421 C348c.

Colin, Jean Lambert Alphonse. Etudes sur la Campagne de 1796-1797 en Italie [Studies of the campaign of 1796-1797 in Italy j. Paris: Baudoin, 1898. West Point 944.045 C682.

___. Les transformations de la guerre [The transformations of war]. Paris: Flammarion, 1911. OCLC entry 3106241. English translation by L. H. R. Pope-hennessy. London: H. Rees, 1912. OCLC entry 498653. Reprint of the English translation. The West Point Military Library. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977. OCLC entry 1798246.

Corda, Marie Louis Victor Henry. L'évolution des méthodes offensive de l'armée francaise. La recherche de la surprise pendant la Grande Guerre (1914-1918) [The evolution of methods of offense of the French Army. The search for surprise during the Great War (1914-1918)]. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1921. CARL 940.4012 C794e.

Culmann, Frédéric. Cours de tactique générale [Course in general tactics]. Paris: Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, 1921. CARL M503 Al.44.

___. Tactique générale d 'après l 'expérience de la grande guerre [General tactics according to the experience of the Great War]. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1926. CARL M9403 Hl D.44.

Daille, Marius. La bataille de Montdidier. [The Battle of Montdidierj. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1922. CARL M9403 J.44:8 G4.44. The mimeographed translation of this work is listed in the English language section of this bibliography.

Derrecagaix, Victor Bernard. La guerre moderne [Modern war]. 2 vols. Paris: L. Baudoin et Cie, 1885-91. CARL 940.41514. The English translation of this bibliography is listed in the English language section of this bibliography.

___. Histoire de la guerre de 1870 [History of the war of 1870. Paris: Spectateur, 1871. LC DC290 D43.

Doumenc, Joseph Edouard Aime. Histoire de la neuvième armée [History of the Ninth Army]. Paris: B. Arthaud, 1945.

Dubail, Yvon. Quatre années de commandement, 1914-1918. (ire armée--groupe d'armées de Test--armées de Paris) . . . [Four years of command, 1914-1918. First Army--the East Army Group--Armies of Paris)]. 3 vols. Paris: Fournier, 1921-22. CARL 940.4144 D813q.

Fave, Ildephonse. Histoire et tactique des trois armes et particulièrement de l'artillerie de campagne [History and tactics of the three arms and particularly of the field artillery]. Paris: Bachelier, 1845.

Feuquieres, Antoine de Pas, Marquis de. Memoires de M. le Marquis de Feuquiere, lieutenant général des armées du roi, contenans ses maximes sur la guerre, & l'application des examples aux maximes. Nouv. éd., rev. & corr. Sur l'original [Memoirs of the Marquis de Feuquiere, lieutenant general of the armies of the king, containing his maxims on war and the application of examples to the maxims. New ed., rev. & corr. with the original]. 4 vols. London: P. Dunoyer, 1740; Paris: Rollin fils, 1740. St. Louis, MO: Pius XII Memorial Library, St. Louis University, 1978? Microfilm ed. OCLC entry 5458260.

Foch, Ferdinand. De la conduite de la guerre: la manoeuvre pour la bataille [On the conduct of war: Maneuver for battle]. Second of a series of lectures made at the War College. Paris: Berger-Levrault et cie, 1904. West Point DC301 F6 1904.

Folard, Jean Charles. L'esprit du chevalier Folard, tire de ses commentaries sur l'Histoire de Polybe, pour l'usage d'un officier [The spirit of the knight Folard, drawn from his commentaries on the History of Polybius for the use of an officer]. Leipzig, 1761. LC U101 F6. West Point U101 F69.

___. Nouvelles découvertes sur la guerre, dans une dissertation sur Polybe [New discoveries on war, in a dissertation on Polybius]. 2d ed., rev. Brussels: F. Foppens, 1724. LC U101 F66.

France. Armée. Etat-major. Etudes sur les enseignements des opérations des dernières campaigns [Studies of the lessons of the performances in the latest campaigns].Paris, 1950-LC U740 F72.

France. Ecole Supérieure de Guerre. Campagne de 1815. Etude historique [Campaign of 1815. Historical study . 1920. Mimeographed. CARL M944 05 J6 A.

___. Conférences de tactique générale et d'état-major: la division [Conferences on general tactics and the staff: The division]. Prepared by Lt. Col. Voisin. Paris, 1921. CARL M209 C.44 D4E 7F.

___. Conférences de tactique générale et d'état-major. Le cor s d'armée. [Conferences on general tactics and the staff. The army corps]. Paris, 1932. Mimeographed. CARL M209 C.44 D4 E.

___. La direction de la guerre des empires cent centraux, 1914-1918 [The conduct of the war by the Central Powers, 1914-1918]. Paris, 1918. CARL M209 C.44 D4 E7 F.

___. La division au combat [The division in combat]. Prepared by Lt. Col. Voisin. Paris, 1929-30. Typescript. CARL M209 C.44 D4 E7 F.

___. Le corps d'armée [The army corps]. 1928. CARL M209 C.44 D4 E7 F.

France. Ministère de la Guerre. Instruction provisoire du 6 Octobre 1921 sur l'emploi tactique des grandes unites [Provisional regulations for the tactical employment of large units].Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1932. CARL M506 A4.44.

___. Instruction provisoire sur l'emploi tactique des grandes unités [Provisional instructions for the tactical employment of large units]. Paris: Charles Lavauzelle & Cie, 1922. CARL M506 A4.44. Typescript of translation from the French by Lt. Col. Richard U. Nicholas. 1937. CARL M506 A4.44.

___. Instruction provisoire sur le service en campagne. Annexe no. 1 á l'instruction provisoire sur l'emploi tactique des grandes unités [Provisional field service regulations. Annex no. 1 to provisional instructions for the tactical employment of large units]. Paris: L. Fournier, 1925; Paris: Charles Lavauzelle et Cie, 1930. CARL M506 A4.44. Translation with the title: Provisional field service regulations, French Army. (Annex no. 1 to provisional instructions for the employment of large units). Fort Leavenworth, KS: The General Service Schools Press, 1926. CARL M209 C.73 D4 E7 F8.

___. Les armées francaises dans la grande guerre [The French armies in the Great War]. 11 vols., annexes and maps. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1922-37. CARL M9403 E4 D.44 C.

___. Organisation général aux armées. [Pt.] 2. Transports stratégiques [General organization of the armies. Pt. 2. Strategic troop movements]. Paris: Henri Charles Lavauzelle & Cie, 1915. CARL M503 J1.44.

___. Règlement sur le service des armées en campagne [Regulations for the service of armies in the field]. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1895; Paris: L. Fournier, 1916. CARL M506 A4.44.

___. Transports stratégiques [Strategic troop movements]. Paris: Charles Lavauzelle & Cie, 1921. CARL M503 J1.44.

Grandsard, C., Gén. Le l0e [i.e. dixième] corps d'armée dans la bataille, 1939-1940: Sedan, Amiens, de la Seine a la Dordogne [The X Army Cor s in battle, 1939-1940: Sedan, Amiens, from the Seine to the Dordogne]. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1949. LC D761.15 10th G7.

Guibert, Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de. Essai général de tactique. Précédé d'un discourse sur l'état actuel de la politique & de la science militaire en Europe; . . . [General essay on tactics. Preceded by a discussion of the present state of politics and military science in Europe; . . . ]. 2 vols. Liège: Plomteux, 1772. OCLC entry 4949030. Paris: Magimel, 1803. OCLC entry 6109338.

Hanotaux, Gabriel. La bataille de la Marne [The Battle of the Marne]. Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1922. OCLC entry 3078970.

Jomini, Henri, Baron. Histoire critique et militaire des guerres de Frédéric II, comparées au système moderne, avec un recueil des principes les plus importants de l'art de la guerre, . . . [Critical military history of the wars of Frederick II, compared to the modern system, with a selection of the more important principles of the art of war, . . . ]. Nouv. ed. Bruxelles: Librairée militaire de J.-B. Petit, 1840. 1 vol. in the French. A two-volume translation of this work is listed in the English language section of this bibliography.

La Fruston, Fr. de. La guerre d'Italie de 1859 considéré au point de vue de la stratégie et de la tactique [The Italian war of 1859 considered from the point of view of strategy and tactics]. Paris: C. Tanera, 1861. Includes the battles of Magenta and Solferino. LC DG554 L15.

___. Le Maréchal Bugeaud considéré comme tactician et stratégiste didactique [Marshal Bugeaud considered as a didactic tactician and strategist]. Paris: Levevre, 1861. West Point B B931L.

Lewal, Jules Louis. Etudes de guerre . . . tactique des renseignements [Studies of war . . . tactics of intelligence]. 2 vols. Paris: L. Baudoin et Cie, 1883-90. CARL M501 A.44.

___. Le plan de combat: étude de stratégie [The plan of battle: a study of strategy]. Paris: R. Chapelot, 1901. OCLC entry 7886621.

Loizeau, L. Deux manoeuvres. La manoeuvre d'aile. La manoeuvre défensive [Two maneuvers. The flank maneuver. The defensive maneuver]. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1933. CARL M501 A.44.

___. La manoeuvre du corps d'armée dans l'armée [The maneuver of the army corps within the army]. Courbevoie, France: P. Chanove & Cie, 1932. CARL M209 C.44 D4 E. A translation is listed in the English language section of this bibliography.

Lucas, Pascal Marie Henri. L'évolution des idées tactiques en France et en Allemagne pendant la guerre de 1914-1918 [The evolution of tactical ideas in France and Germany during the war of 1914-1918]. 3d ed. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1925. Another edition, 1932. Mimeographed translation of the 1925 edition by Maj. P. V. Kieffer. Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1925. All under CARL M9403 Hl D.

Lyet, Pierre. La bataille de France (mai-juin, 1940) [The Battle of France (May-June, 1940)] Paris: Payot, 1947. OCLC entry 3026499.

Maizeroy, Paul Gedeon Joly de. Mémoire sur lea opinions El partagent lea militaires; suivi, Du traité des armes défensives [Memoirs on opinions which divide military men; followed by a treatise on defensive arms]. Paris: Jombert, 1772. West Point U101 M28.

___. Théorie de la guerre [Theory on war]. Paris: Jombert, 1777. West Point U101 M285.

___. Traité des armes défensives. [Treatise on the defensive armes]. Nancy, France: Leclerc, 1787. West Point U101 M28.

Mauni, Roger, Baron de. La guerre actuelle, données stratégiques et tactiques en résultant quant a resent; rapport du colonel federal Humbert de Payerne (B. de Mauni) . . . [The current war, the results of strategic and tactical ideas as far as the present]. 3. éd., augm. Paris: Fischbacher, 1915. LC U738 M38 1915.

Mesnil-Durand, Francois Jean de Graindorge d'Orgeville, Baron de. Fragments de tactique; ou, Six memoires, 1. Sur les chasseurs & sur la charge; 2. Sur la manoeuvre de l'infanteries; 3. Sur la colonne; & principes de tactique; 4. Sur les marches; 5. Sur les ordres de bataille; 6. Sur l'essai général de tactique, relativement à ces différents objéts [Tactical fragments; or, Six memoirs, 1. On Chasseurs (light infantry) and the charge; 2. On the maneuver of infantry; 3. On the column and principles of tactics; 4. On marches; 5. On orders of battle; 6. On the general essay of tactics relative to these different objects]. Paris: C. A. Jombert père, 1774.

___. Projet d'un ordre francais en tactique; ou, La phalange coupée et doublée soutenue par le mélange des armes, proposée comme système général, dont on prouve l'exellence & la supériorité, comparant perpetuellement à la méthode actuellement en usage, celle-ci, qui n'est autre chose qua le système du chevalier de Folard étendu & développé, auquel on a joint les idées des plus grands maîtres, particulièrment du maréchal de Saxe; fortifiant le tout par un grand nombre de nouvelle preuves . . . [Project for a French tactical order, or, the phalanx divided and doubled, supported by combined arms, proposed as a general system, whose excellence and superiority is proved, when perpetually compared to the current method in use, which is none other than the system of the Chevalier de Folard studied and developed and to which had been joined the ideas of the greatest masters, particularly those of Marshal de Saxe; fortified by a great amount of new evidence . . . ]. Paris: A. Boudet, 1755.

Miquel, Jean Bernard Madeleine Emile. Enseignements stratégiques et tactiques de la guerre de 1914-1918 [Strategic and tactical lessons of the war of 1914-1918]. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle & Cie, 1926. CARL M9403 Hl D.44.

Napoléon I, Emperor of the French. Commentaires de Napoléon premier [Commentaries of Napoleon I]. 6 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale, 1867. OCLC entry 2041702.

___. Correspondence militaire de Napoléon Ier, extractée de la correspondence générale [Military correspondence of Napoleon I, extracted from his general correspondence]. 10 vols. Paris: E. Plon, 1876-77. OCLC entry 5433490.

Pelet, Jean Jacques Germain, Baron. "Essay sur les manoeuvres d'un corps d'armée infanterie" [Essay on the maneuvers of an army infantry corps]. Spectateur militaire 4 and 6 (1928-29).

Pellegrin, Fernand Louis Lucien. La vie d'une armée pendant la grande guerre [The life of an army during the Great War]. Paris: E. Flammarion, 1921. OCLC entry 5282481.

Pichene, Roger. Histoire de la tactique et de la stratégie jusqu'à la guerre mondiale [History of strategy and tactics ûp to the World War]. Paris: Editions de la Pensée moderne, 1957. LC U27 P5.

Pierron, Edouard. La stratégie et la tactique allemande au début du XXe siècle [German strategy and tactics to the beginning of the Twentieth century]. 3d ed. Paris: Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, 1905. CARL M501 A.44.

___. Stratégie et grande tactique d'aprés l'expérience des dernières guerres [Strategy and Grand Tactics according to the experience of the latest wars]. 4 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault et Cie, 1887-1896. CARL M501 A.44.

Prussia. Armée. Règlement sur les manoeuvres de l'infanterie prussienne. Dernière édition du 3 août 1870 [Regulation on the maneuvers of the Prussian infantry. Latest ed. of 3 August 1870]. Translated by E. Uffler. Saint-Etienne: Montagny, 1872. CARL 356.182 P972r 1870.

Pugens, Bernard Joseph Marie Charles. Deux corps de cavalerie à la bataille de la Marne (6-9 septembre 1914) [Two cavalry corps at the Battle of the Marne 6-9 September 1914]. Paris: Editions Berger-Levrault, 1934. New York Public Library.

Puysegur, Jacques Francois de Chastenet, Marquis de. Art de la guerre, par principes et par règles [The art of war, from principles and from rules]. 2 vols. Paris: Jombert, 1748. West Point. Paris: Microéditions Hachette; New York: Distributed by Clearwater Publishing Co., 1978. Microfiche. OCLC entry 7470922.

Robert, F. [?Des Robert, Ferdinand?] Tactique de combat des grandes unités [Battle tactics of large units]. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1885. No OCLC, LC, CARL.

Ruby, Edmond. Sedan, terre d'épreuve: avec la IIe armée, ma-juin 1940. [Sedan, land of ordeal: With the Second Army, May-June 1940]. Paris: Flammarion, 1948. OCLC entry 5282777.

Vial, J. Applications de tactique et de stratégie [Tactical and strategic problems]. 2 vols. Paris: J. Dumaine, 1881. CARL M506 A7 D3.44.

GERMAN SECTION

A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z
English Section	French Section	German Section	Russian Section

Balck, Hermann. [Order within chaos]. Osnabruck: Biblio Verlag, 1

Excellent memoirs of a successful World War II armored officer.

Balck, Wilhelm/William. Die Lehren des Burenkrieges für die Gefechtstätigkeit der drei Waffen [The lessons of the Boer War concerning the combat activities of the three arms]. Berlin: E. S. Mittler and Sohn, 1904. CARL M96825 H3.

___. Entwicklung der Taktik im Weltkriege [The development of tactics in the World War]. Berlin: R. Eisenschmidt, 1920-22. The English translation of this work is listed in the English language section of this bibliography. Both works are under CARL 940.37243.

___. Napoleonische Schlachtenanlage and Schlachtenleitung [Napoleonic preparation for and conduct of battle]. Berlin: E. S. Mittler and Sohn, 1900. CARL M944 05 Hl D.

___. Taktik [Tactics]. 6 vols. Berlin: R. Eisenschmidt, 1902-07. CARL 355.42 B1745. And 4th completely rev. ed. Translated by Walter Krueger. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977, c1911-14. CARL 355.42 B174t 1977.

Bloch, Jan Gotlib. Der Krieg. Uebersetzung des russischen Werkes des autors: Der Zukunftige Krieg in seiner technischen, volkswirtschaftlichen and politischen bedeutung [The War. Translation of the author's Russian work: The future war in its technical, economic, and political significance]. 6 vols. Berlin: Puttkammer & Muhlbrecht, 1899. OCLC 4559986. West Point's entry is under Blokh, Ivan Stanislavovich. U102 B619 Q.

Bronsart von Schellendorff, Paul. Der Dienst des Generalstabes [The German General Staff officer's handbook]. 2 vols. Berlin: E. S. Mittler and Sohn, 1875. CARL 355.33 B869d4.

Bruckmüller, Georg. Die deutsche artillerie in den durchbruchschlachten des weltkrieges. [The German artillery in the breakthrough battles of World War I ]. Berlin: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1922. OCLC entry 8181991.

Bücheler, Heinrich. Hoepner: Ein Deutsches Soldatenschicksal des Zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts [Hoepner: A German soldier's fate in the twentieth century]. Herford: Mitler, 1980.

This is a popular biography of General Erich Hoepner, German World War II armored commander and anti-Nazi figure.

Burdick, Charles. Unternehmen Sonnenblume: Der Entschluss zum Africa-Feldzug [Operation sunflower: The decision to deploy the Africa Corps j. Neckargemund: Scharnhorst Buchkameradschaff, 1972.

A skilled historian, Burdick has written the definitive source on creating and deploying the African Corps in 1941.

Erfurth, Waldemar. Die Geschichte des Deutschen Generalstabes 1918-1945 [History of the German General Staff, 1918-45]. GUttingen: Musterschmidt Verlag, 1957.

Erfurth, who was both a German general and a doctor of philosophy in history, wrote one of the better histories of the German General Staff.

Greiner, Helmut. Die Oberste Wehrmachtführung 1939-1943 [The German High Command, 1939-1943]. Wiesbaden: Limes Verlag, 1951.

This is an early yet reliable academic history of the German armed forces High Command.

Helder, Franz. Generaloberst Halder Kriegstagebuch [Colonel General Halder's war diary]. Edited by Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Alfred Philippi. 3 vols. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1967. CARL has a poor English translation.

These volumes are not really a diary but rather the daily notes and observations of the chief of the German General Staff from 1939 to 1942.

Haupt, Werner. Kiew, die gröbte Kesselschlacht der Geschichte [Kiev: The greatest encirclement battle in history J. Bad Nauheim: Podzun Verlag, 1964.

Haupt wrote a popular account of the encirclement battle of Kiev in 1941.

Herzfeld, Hans, ed. Sicherheit and Entspannung. Zum siebzigsten Geburtstag von General A.D. Adolf Hensinger [Essays on and in honor of General Adolf Heusinger, chief of the Operations Branch of the German General Staff]. Köln: Markus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1967

Hillgruber, Andreas. Hitlers Strategie: Politik and Kriegführung 1940-1941 [Hitler's strategy: Politics and conduct of the war]. Frankfurt am Main: Bernard & Graefe, 1965.

This work is by one of the most highly respected German historians.

Hoth, Hermann. Panzer-Operationen Die Panzergruppe 3 and der operative Gedanke der deutschen Führung Sommer 1941 [Tank operations: Panzer Group 3 and the German operational thinking in the summer of 1941]. Heidelberg: Kurt Vowinckel Verlag, 1956.

One of the finer tank commanders has written an excellent study.

Hubatsch, Walter. Die deutsche Besetzung von Dänemark and Norwegen, 1940 [The German occupation of Denmark and Norway, 1940]. Gottingen: Musterschmidt Verlag, 1952.

Hubatsch's work is the best source on the subject.

___, ed. Hitlers Weisung fur die Kriegführung, 1939-1945 [Hitler's war directives, 1939-1945 . Frankfurt am Main: Bernard & Graefe, 1962.

Hubatsch's compilation is a required source.

Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf. Fall Gelb der Kampf um den deutschen Operationsplan zur Westoffensive 1940 [Case yellow: The battle over the German operational plan for the western offensive, 1940.] Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1957.

This is the best work on the subject.

Kissel, Hans. Gefechte in Russland, 1941-1944 [Battles in Russia, 1941-44]. Frankfurt am Main: E. S. Mittler, 1956. LC D764 K52. Not in OCLC.

Klee, Karl, ed. Documente zum Unternehmen "Seelöwe," Die geplannte deutsche Landung in England 1940 [Documents pertaining to Operation Sea-Lion, the planned German invasion of England in 1940]. Gottingen: Musterschmidt Verlag, 1959.

This is a required source on the subject.

Krafft von Dellmensingen, Konrad. Der Durchbruch: Studie an Hand der Vorgange des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918 [The breakthrough: Study of incidents in World War I, 1914-1918]. Hamburg, Germany: Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, 1937. CARL 940.401 K89d.

Leeb, Wilhelm Ritter von. Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Ritter Von Lech Tagebuchaufzeichnungen and Lagebeurteilungen aus zwei Weltkriegen [Genera Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb's diary entries and situation estimates from two world wars]. Edited by Georg Meyer. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1976.

Liss, Ulrich. Westfront 1939/40 Erinnerungen des Feindbearbeiters in O.K.H. [Western Front 1939 40: Memoirs of the German General Staff Intelligence Branch West]. Neckargemünd: Scharnhorst Buchkamer-adschaft, 1959.

Liss was the commander of the Intelligence Branch West.

Lossberg, Bernard von. In Wehrmachtführungsstab Bericht eines Generalstabsoffiziers [In the armed forces high command, report of a General Staff officer]. Hamburg: H. H. Nölke Verlag, 1950.

This is an excellent source.

Manstein, Erich von. Aus Einem Soldatenleben 1887-1939 [A soldier's life, 1887-1939]. Bonn: Athenäum Verlag, 1958.

These are the memoirs of one of Germany's outstanding field commanders.

Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsant. Das Deutsche Reich and der Zweite Weltkrieg [The German empire and World War II]. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1979.

This is the official history of the war by the Federal Republic of Germany's Military History Center. Ten volumes are projected for publication.

Moscow. Voennaia akademiia imeni M. V. Frunze. Die Entwicklung der Taktik der Sowjetarmee im grossen vaterlandischen Krieg [The deve opment of the tactics of the Soviet Army in the Great Patriotic War]. Berlin, GDR: Deutscher Militarverlag, 1961. LC D764 M7314.

Philippi, Alfred, and Ferdinand Heim. Der Feldzug gegen Sowjetrussland 1941-1945 [The campaign against Soviet-Russia, 1941-45]. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1962.

Philippi and Heim have written one of the best one-volume accounts.

Reichsarchiv. Der Wehkrieg 1914 bis 1918 [World War I, 1914 through 1918]. 14 vols. Berlin: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1925-40.

This set comprises the official German history of World War I and is an invaluable source.

Reinhardt, Klaus. Die Wends Vor Moskau Das Scheitern der Strategie Hitlers im Winter 1941/42 [The reversal at Moscow: The miscarriage of Hitler's strategy in the winter of 1941/42]. Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1972. CARL 940.5421 R369d.

This is the best book on the 1941 Battle of Moscow.

Röhricht, Edgar. Probleme der Kesselschlacht dargestellet an Einkreigungs-Operationen in zweiten Weltkrieg [Problems of the encirclement battle, based on encirclement operations of World War II]. Introduction by Franz Halder. Karlsruhe: Condor-Verlag, 1958.

Schlieffen, Alfred Graf von. Cannae. Berlin: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1936. CARL RB 355.0943 S344c.

Cannae is the classic work on the doctrine of the battle of annihilation.

Seeckt, Hans von. Aus meinem Leben 1866-1917 [Of my life, 1866-1917]. Leipzig: Hass & Koehler, 1938.

These are World War I memoirs written by one of the finest German staff officers and the subsequent creator of the Reichsheer.

Tippelskisch, Kurt von. Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieg [History of the World War II]. Bonn: Athenäum-Verlag, 1951.

Tippelskisch was the chief of German Army Intelligence.

Vormann, Nikolaus von. Der Feldzug 1939 in Polen Die Operation des Heeres [The campaign in Poland 1939: Army operations j. Weissenburg: Prinz-Eugen-Verlag, 1958.

Westphal, Siegfried. Erinnerungen [Memoirs]. Mainz: V. Hasse & Koehler Verlag, 1975.

This is an excellent book covering German campaigns in the west in World War II.

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RUSSIAN SECTION

A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I    J   K    L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z
English Section	French Section	German Section	Russian Section

Babadzhanian, <A. Kh., ed. Tanki i tankovye voiska [Tanks and tank forces]. Moskva: Voenizda ,

Bagramian, I. Kh., ed. Voennaia istoriia [Military history]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1971.

___, et al., eds. Istoriia voin i voennogo iskusstva [A history of war and military art]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1970.

Cherednichenko, M. "Ob Osobennostiakh razvitiia voennogo iskusstva v poslevoennyi period" [Concerning the characteristics of the development of military art in the ostwar period]. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], May 1970.

Gaivoronskii, F. F. "Front." Sovetskaia voennaia entsiklopediia [Soviet military encyclopedia], 8:332-33. Moskva: 1980.

___. "Razvitie sovetskogo operativnogo iskusstva" [The development of Soviet operational art]. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], February 1978:20-26.

Grishin, Sergei Vladimirovich, P. A. Zhukov, and Shalva Evanovi Kitoshvili. Taktika[Tactics]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1972. LC U165 G72.

Kirian, M. M. "Armeiskaia nastupatel'naia operatsiia" [Army offensive operations]. Sovetskaia voennaia entsiklopediia [Soviet military encyclopedia], l:239-44. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1976.

___. "Operativnoe postroenie" [Operational formation]. Sovetskaia voennaia entsiklopediia [Soviet military encyclopedia], 6:58-60. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1978.

Kozlov, M. M. "Frontovaia nastupatel'naia operatsiia" [Front offensive operations]. Sovetskaia voennaia entsiklopediia [Soviet military encyclopedia], 8:336-39. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1980.

___. "Frontovaya oboronitel'naia operatsiia" [Front defensive operations]. Sovetskaia voennaia entsiklopediia [Soviet military encyclopedia], 8:339-42. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1980.

Kozlov, S. N., et al., eds. 0 Sovetskoi voennoi nauke [Soviet military science]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1964. An English translation of this work is listed in the English language section of this bibliography.

Krupchenko, I. E. "Sposoby razvitiia uspekha v operativnoi glubine silami tankovykh armii, tankovykh i mekhanizirovannykh korpusov" [The means of developing success into the operations depths by tank armies, tank and mechanized corps]. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], July 1981:12-20.

___, ed. Sovetskie tankovie voiska, 1941-1945 [Soviet tank forces, 1941-45.] Moskva: Voenizdat, 1973.

Kulikov, V. G. "Operativnoe iskusstvo" [Operational art]. Sovetskaia voennaia entsiklopediia [Soviet military encyclopedia], 6:53-57. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1978.

Kurochkin, P. A., ed. Obshchevoiskovaia Armiia v nastuplenii [The combined arms army in the offensive]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1966.

Losik, 0. A. "Sposoby vedeniia vysokomanevrennykh bervykh deistvii bronetankovymi i mekhanizirovannymi voiskami po opytu Belorusskoi i Vislo-Oderskoi operatsii" [The means of conducting highly maneuverable combat operations of armored and mechanized forces from the experiences of the Belorussian and Vistula-Oder operations].Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], September 1980:18-25.

___, et al., eds. Stroitel'stvo i boevoe primenenie sovetskikh tankovykh voisk v gody velikoi otechestvennoi voiny [The construction and combat use of Soviet tank forces in the years of the Great Patriotic War]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1979.

Matsulenko, V. A. "Razvitie operativnogo iskusstva v nastupatel 'nykh operatsiyakh" [Development of the operational art in offensive operations]. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal].

Pankov, Dmitri Vasil'evich, comp. Razvitie taktiki russkoi armii [The development of the tactics of the Russian Army]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1957. LC UA772 P3.

Polevoi ustav krasnoi armii (PU-44) [Field regulations of the Red Army]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1944. Translated by the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, General Staff, U.S. Army, 1951.

Radzievskii, A. I. Proryv [Penetration]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1979.

___. Tankovyi udar [Tank blow]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1977.

___, ed. Armeiskie operatsii [Army operations]. Moskva: Voenizdat,1979.

Reznichenko, V. G. Taktika [Tactics]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1966. Translation available as DTIC AD-659928.

Rotmistrov, P. A. "Boevoe primenenie bronetankovykh i mekhanizirovannykh voisk" [Combat use of armored and mechanized forces]. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], December 1967:38-48.

___. Vremia i tanki [Time and tanks]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1972.

Savkin, V. E. Osnovnye printsipy operativnogo iskusstva i taktiki [The basic principles of operational art and tactics I. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1972. A translation is listed in the English language section of this bibliography.

Sidorenko, A. A. Nastuplenie [The offensive]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1970. A translation is listed in the English language section of this bibliography.

Sokolov, S. "Sovetskoe operativnoe iskusstvo v kampanii 1945 goda v Evrope" [Soviet operational art in the 1945 European campaigns. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], May 1975:28-35.

Sokolovskii, V. D. Voennaia strategiia [Military strategy]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1962, 1963, 1968. Translation available as DTIC ADA-052778.

Strokov, A. A., ed. Istoriia voennogo iskusstva [History of military art]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1966.

Triandafilov, V. Kharakter operatsii sovremennykh armii [The character of contemporary army operations]. Moskva: Voenizdat, 1929, 1937.

Tur, M. "Iz opyta presledovaniia vo frontovykh nastupatel'nykh operatsiiakh" [From the experiences of pursuit in front offensive operations]. Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military history journal], March 1967.

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* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1986-652-003/22161